Analysis Of Albert Einsteins Essay On Racial Bias In 1946

#6 - â€Å"Albert Einstein’s Essay on Racial Bias in 1946† by Trent Gilliss and Albert Einstein â€Å"The Negro Question† by Albert Einstein is an incredibly smart, thought-provoking, and forward-thinking for something that came out in the 1940s. Aside from the idea that discriminating black people is bad, many of the ideas expressed here are concepts that some people still do not understand. For example, the idea that one should be more mature before dealing with the political or complex issues of a nation is something people still do not realize today. Young people are still criticized for having their own possibly ill-informed opinion, even if they were raised to think that way. In addition, Einstein’s example of Aristotle thinking slaves were†¦show more content†¦This anxiety about a possible deep, hidden racism in America has not only been exclusive to Maryland. With the combination of the election and police brutality, there is no doubt that anxiety and tensions are very high in the current state of our country. #8 - â€Å"Who, me? Biased?† by The New York Times Implicit bias is a concept that originally gained esteem during the 2016 election. It is defined as unconscious assumptions or stereotypes that are race-related. For example, if someone pulled up two pictures, a white female and a black male, and told you that one of them committed a crime, you are likely to choose the black male. You’re not racist, you have just been consuming all this media and images that paint black people or specifically males as being criminals. There are many options to attempt to fix this bias implanted in you. First, one should take a test to see if they even have a bias in the first place. If yes, then they should attempt to overcome it. They can do this by either hanging out with people of another ethnicity to learn who they are or to address that the racial anxiety exists and to work from there. In my opinion, this idea of implicit bias is incredibly important for people to learn about and p ossibly fix if necessary. Before this video, I had never heard of implicit bias and I always just figured I was stereotyping people whenever I had thoughts like the ones presented in the

Examining Diabetes and Metabolic Traits of Mexican...

This study examines for the first time the genetic contributions to diabetes and metabolic traits in the AIR registry sample, which is composed of Mexican American participants who reside in the Phoenix-Arizona area. The AIR registry participants were extensively phenotyped for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome measures. The prevalence of diabetes in our population was 12.3%, which was above the 8.3% of the general population [32,33]. Moreover, we observed that 34.0% of the participants were classified with pre-diabetes, which was similar to national averages that showed Mexican American adults in the United States with pre-diabetes at 36% [33]. Although a majority of the heritability estimates of the phenotypes examined in the AIR registry appears to be consistent with previously published studies [31], it is possible that heritability estimates may have been inflated since shared environmental influences were not accounted for in our analyses. It also is possible that her itability can be age-dependent, which can be underestimated when existing age dependence is present. The heritability estimates of DBP, FPG, 2hOGTT and prediabetes did not reach statistical significance in our study. Perhaps, DBP may not have reached significance due to the variability that is often observed in diastolic blood pressures within an individual [34]. For this study, every attempt had been made to measure DBP appropriately since we measured DBP twice and calculated the average.

Though Melville’s Moby Dick Free Essays

Though Melville’s â€Å"Moby Dick† has been amply explicated as an allegorical novel engaged in metaphysical and philosophical themes, the richness and density of Melville’s narrative scope in Moby Dick demands close scrutiny, not only for its forthright allegorical connotations, but also for its arcane and esoteric connotations, which provide a variety of meta-fictional comments and divulgences regarding the novel’s radically experimental narrative form.  Ã‚   â€Å"As almost anyone who has ever looked closely into Melville’s novel knows, Moby-Dick is an incredibly rich and complex work with as intricate a set of symbols, image patterns, and motifs as is to be found in a work of literature anywhere in the world.† (Sten 5) Particularly peculiar to many readers of â€Å"Moby Dick† are the generous discourses on cetology and whaling included in the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on Though Melville’s Moby Dick or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"An abrupt change of direction in Moby-Dick takes place at the thirty-second chapter. From the sharp, swift description of New Bedford and Nantucket and from the narrative speed of the adventures of the seaport, we move suddenly into bibliographical considerations of a pseudo-scholarly nature.† (Vincent 121) Though the cetological references in â€Å"Moby Dick† may, at first appear to be naggingly incongruous with the hitherto established adventure-tragedy, as we will see in the following discussion, the narrative form and structure of â€Å"Moby Dick† is, in fact, can be shown to comprise a literary facsimile of the cetological science as Melville understood it in his time-period. While it would be misleadingly simple to describe the narrative form of â€Å"Moby Dick† as â€Å"a whale,† this description, with slight modification, can be justified by a close reading of the novel and by an inquiry into the compositional ideas and influences that inspired Melville during the novel’s composition.   The aforementioned modification is this: that the narrative form of â€Å"Moby Dick† is constructed to evoke the anatomical composition of cetaceans insofar as the Moby Dick â€Å"Great White Whale† comprises the central allegorical symbol in the novel, and, therefore, also symbolizes the creative urge of the artist from initial inspiration to final completion: â€Å"the extracts are the epic material–â€Å"fragmentary, scattered, loosely related, sometimes contradictory†Ã¢â‚¬â€œout of which Melville’s epic poetry was made.   (Sten 4) It is essential that â€Å"Moby Dick† be regarded as possessing a solid, harmonious structure, despite the initial oddness and experimentalism of its surface level appearance. Nowhere is there â€Å"waste in Moby-Dick; every concrete detail serves a double and triple purpose[†¦] No detail is unleavened[†¦]   even such a chapter as â€Å"The Specksynder,† at first seemingly irrelevant, contributes to the designed effect of the whole novel. (Vincent 125) To understand the utter necessity of Melville’s inclusion of detailed cetological material in â€Å"Moby Dick† it is useful to appraise some of the immediate influences on his thought and artistic philosophy during the time of the novel’s initial composition and extensive revisions. As is well known, two of the most profound influences on Melville during the composition of â€Å"Moby Dick† were William Shakespeare and Nathaniel Hawthorne. Despite the gulf of centuries between these two writers, both were recent discoveries for Melville at the time of his writing â€Å"Moby Dick.† Foremost among Melville’s appreciations for each of these writers was his conviction that each of them had accomplished a confrontation with endemic evil in their works. â€Å"To understand the power of blackness at work in Melville’s imagination, we need to note that even while he was composing Moby-Dick, this omnivorous reader, the novelist, was discovering the plays of Shakespeare, especially King Lear, {†¦} and the allegorical fiction of Nathaniel Hawthorne. (Tuttleton) Shakespeare’s influence on Melville exerts itself in the inclusion of actual playscript in the course of the novel, frequent asides and soliloquies, and most profoundly, on the tragic scope and figure of Captain Ahab. Hawthorne’s influence claims a much stronger relationship to the novel’s symbolic and allegorical structures. In fact, Hawthorne’s own pioneering allegorical techniques may have provided the single most influential power on Melville’s conception of â€Å"Moby Dick.† If Hawthorne had shown Melville that â€Å"one American was expressively aware of the evil at the core of life,: he had also provided a narrative strategy suitable for Melville’s own literary confrontation with evil, â€Å"a perception toward which Melville had been groping for seven years of authorship and of self-scrutiny, but which he had not completely realized nor dared to disclose.† (Vincent 37) This narrative strategy relied most heavily on Hawthorne’s allegorical techniques. By investing traditional elements of storytelling with deeper, more symbolically complex meanings, Hawthorne achieved an idiom which is both moralistic and confessional in nature. An example of Hawthorne’s allegorical technique is his novel â€Å"The Scarlet Letter.† In this novel, a struggle between spiritual faith and evil temptation comprises a central theme.† This struggle is represented allegorically in the story by a careful employment of symbolism, character development, and plotting. Lacking an established literary idiom which was wide enough to directly confront the duality of his own ambiguous feelings toward Puritanism and human morality, Hawthorne developed an intricate set of symbols and allegorical references   simultaneously conceal and explicate the confessional elements of the story. Individual objects, characters, and elements of the story thus function in â€Å"dual† roles, providing, so to speak, overt and covert information. In constructing a self-sustaining iconography within the confines of a short story, Hawthorne was obliged to lean somewhat on the commonly accepted symbolism of certain objects, places, and characteristics. The allegorical method, by articulating thematic ideas which challenge â€Å"cut and dried† explanations of such profound realities as faith, morality, innocence, and the nature of good and evil, allowed Hawthorne to delve into issues of the utmost personal profundity, but to express them within a language and symbolic structure that anyone could understand. By reaching through his own personal doubt, guilt, and religious ambivalence to find expression for the irony and injustice of Puritanical dogma, Hawthorne was able to embrace ambiguity, rather than stolid religious fervor, as a moral and spiritual reality. By using the symbolic resonances of everyday objects, places, and people in his fiction, Hawthorne was able to show the duality – the good and evil – in a ll things, and in all people, thus reconciling the sheer division of good and evil as represented by the edicts of his (and America’s) Puritanical heritage. Melville’s admiration for Hawthorne’s successful development of a narrative form capable of expressing profound spiritual and philosophical themes of inspired him to elevate the first draft of his whaling adventure story, which hitherto had closely resembled his popular â€Å"travelogue† writings, such as â€Å"Typee.†Ã‚   Moby-Dick took six years to complete. â€Å" It was not until a signally successful reputation had been established that Melville was ready, as he put it, to â€Å"turn blubber into poetry.† (Vincent 15) What Melville intended was to craft his erstwhile adventure story, along with his comprehensive notes and observations and researches into cetology and whaling into an allegorical novel on par with what he esteemed Hawthorne to have done in his own novels and short stories. Upon completion of â€Å"Moby Dick† Melville made his artistic debt to Hawthorne quite clear. â€Å"The godfather of Moby-Dick was guaranteed additional fame when Melville gratefully dedicated his whaling epic to Hawthorne â€Å"In Token of my Admiration for his Genius.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Vincent 39) Melville’s most obvious gesture toward Hawthorne-inspired allegory is, of course, the development of Moby Dick himself: the whale as the pervading, all-important and central symbol of the novel. This central symbol connects deeply with the archetypal symbolism of the ocean, representing form emerging from watery chaos or the primeval unconscious: â€Å"In Moby-Dick this inner realm is of course represented by the sea, a universal image of the unconscious, where all the monsters and helping figures of childhood are to be found, along with the many talents and other powers that lie dormant within every adult. Chief among these, in Ishmael’s case, is the complicated image of the Whale itself, which is all these things and more and also serves as the â€Å"herald† that calls him to his adventure. (Sten 7) Regarded in this light, the cetological details of â€Å"Moby Dick† acquire an additional power and connotative dimensions, as the initial â€Å"call to adventure† and the primary form which rises from the sea of the unconscious, the whale symbol stands not only for the complex physical universe (form) but also as the explicative symbol for the narrative construction of the novel itself. â€Å" The cetological center recognizes the truth of Thoreau’s dictum: â€Å"we are enabled to apprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching of the reality that surrounds us.† [†¦] The cetological center of Moby-Dick is the keel to Melville’s  artistic craft.† (Vincent 122)  Ã‚   Even as technical descriptions of the whale’s anatomies are given in the novel, the non-scientific, anecdotal experiences of whales at sea as narrated by Ishmael, forward the marriage of whale-symbolism to the novel’s narrative form. Upon his discourse of the â€Å"spirit-spout,† Ishmael remarks: â€Å"advancing still further and further in our van, this solitary jet seemed forever alluring us on.† This relates to the lure of inspiration, of the need for self-expression, for the first intimations of the ensuing artistic expression. The signal-spout of inspiration leads the artist (writer) toward his form. But it is first, formless: simply a haze of imaginative impulse and intuition: a signal on the horizon.   Ishmael further notes that â€Å"that unnearable spout was cast by one self-same whale, and that whale, Moby Dick.† This latter connotation indicates that inspiration flows form the eventual harmonious conclusion; that is urge and objective are one, but that the objective form is also merged tightly with theme. As Ishmael gains a closer, more intimate apprehension of whales, the development of his character and spiritual insight are correspondingly elevated. The more detailed are the cetological experiences and catalogues, the more wholly expressive and self-possessed and sure becomes Ishmael. â€Å"Moby-Dick is, among other things, an encyclopedia of cetological lore having to do with every aspect of the whale–the scientific, zoological, oceanographic, mythic, and philological. And it recounts Ishmael’s slow recovery from melancholia{†¦} These thematic elements are interspersed with chapters detailing Captain Ahab’s pursuit of the white whale† (Tuttleton). Still deeper correspondences between the cetological material and Melville’s narrative form are established in Ishmael’s descriptions of the whales â€Å"blubber† and â€Å"skin† which he posits as being indistinguishable. This is reflected in the narrative structure of â€Å"Moby Dick† where it is equally as difficult to apprehend where the â€Å"skin† (overt theme and storyline) of the novel ends and the â€Å"blubber† (cetological and whaling discourses and catalogues) begin. Melville makes it perfectly clear that the â€Å"blubber† is an as indispensable part of his novel as it is for the whale’s body. â€Å"For the whale is indeed wrapt up in his blubber as in a real blanket or counterpane; or, still better, an Indian poncho slipt over his head;†therefore, too, is the expository material, the â€Å"blubber† of the novel wrapped around its central, allegorical aspects. The realism of the cetological details in â€Å"Moby Dick† is impressive. Many critics account it as a reliable source as any known from Melville’s time-period on cetology or whaling. This realism provides a concrete grounding for the novel’s adventure and theatrical demonstrations, as well as for the highly concentrated symbolism that forwards Melville’s powerful themes. Again, like a whale, Melville’s narrative form is massive and sprawling, but capable of dynamic flow and incredible speed. Seen in this regard, the cetological materials are not only deeply necessary to give the novel â€Å"ballast;† they also provide for its eventual â€Å"sounding† or ability to probe great depth of theme and profundity. The detailed cetological aspects of â€Å"Moby Dick† may, indeed, prevent the reader from an easy, and immediate grasp of the novel’s â€Å"meaning† or even its astounding climax. Just as the whale’s hump is believed by Ishmael to conceal the whale’s â€Å"true brain† while the more easily accessed â€Å"brain† know to whalers is merely a know of nerves, the secret â€Å"core† of â€Å"Moby Dick† can only be pursued with patience and close, deep â€Å"cutting†due to the organic and harmonious nature of its narrative form. By keeping in mind the previously discussed aspects of the relationship between â€Å"Moby Dick’s† comprehensive cetological materials and their symbolic relationship to the novel itself, its form and themes, Ishmael, while discoursing on the  desirability of whale meat as fit food for humans, offers an ironic gesture toward the novel’s probable audiences. â€Å"But what further depreciates the whale as a civilized dish, is his exceeding richness. He is the great prize ox of the sea, too fat to be delicately good.† The radically experimental form of â€Å"Moby Dick† is a successful form which owes a debt to its conception to the allegorical techniques of Nathaniel Hawthorne. By building on Hawthorne’s idiom, Melville achieved a rigorously complex, but exactly realized idiom, one which still challenges the sensibilities and sensitivities of readers and critics to this day. Works Cited Sten, Christopher. Sounding the Whale: Moby-Dick as Epic Novel. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1996. Tuttleton, James W. â€Å"The Character of Captain Ahab in Melville’s ‘Moby Dick.’.† World and I Feb. 1998: 290+. Vincent, Howard P. The Trying-Out of Moby-Dick. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1949.          How to cite Though Melville’s Moby Dick, Essay examples

5cs of Common Wealth Bank of Australia †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the 5cs of Common Wealth Bank of Australia. Answer: Customer information collection and verification: Information and collection and then verification of data of every customer is the procedure of every bank. In the case of Common wealth bank, to know his customer information they provide them some forms to fill up. After filling the form the verification process is being done, after this whole procedure, the customer is now capable to use the facilities of the bank. Here the sample of the form: Marketing research and planning: 5cs of Common Wealth Bank of Australia: Introduction of company: Common wealth bank is a multinational bank in Australia with business across Fiji, New Zealand, Asia, United Kingdom, and United States. Common wealth bank provides many services as such commercial services, fund management, investment, insurance, and broking services, product, global wealth management, private euite. The bank has been founded by the Australian government in 1911, headquarters of the bank is situated in Darling harbour Australia. Customers of the company: The product and services provide by the bank to the customer as such credit cards, loans, transaction and saving account. Common wealth bank has the largest network of ATM and branch. The bank structure include some services as such: MarketingBanking Services: This services are provided to the small business and personal customers (Parente, and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, 2014). Premium Business services: Premium business services are provided to institutional clients and global markets. Wealth Management: the wealth management brings the group of fund management platforms, principal funds, and insurance, financial advice business funding together (Armstrong, et al., 2014). Collaborators: The common wealth of Australia decided to collaborate with Austrade Company to expand the finetech innovation between the UK and Australia. The segment of the common wealth bank are the Australian people and international clients. The positioning of this bank are provide services in effective manner to his customers and clients. Target group of the bank are Australian citizens, and business demanding banking services (Lockrey, 2015). The bank has own brands such ASB bank, Commonwealth security limited, Common wealth insurance limited (Baker, 2014). Organizational structure of common wealth bank of Australia Competitors: The main competitors of the common wealth bank are: National Australian Bank Westpac ANZ These are the four big banks in Australia. These banks are called the four pillars in Australian market. Every bank wants that their customers feel free to access their data, lower bank fees, they can see their credit card interest rates. But all these things are depend on the Australian customers some has the issue that even it is the easy process, but there is a guarantee issue. Context: In the global economy the bank activities and profits are usually affected by the investors. A week economy of the bank can lead decline in the growth and profitability. The main threat of the common wealth bank has that due to foreign exchange rates this bank can face the risk. Also the common wealth bank, due to counter party are not being able to achieve their obligation influx can face the risk. Conclusion: The conclusion of the whole study of common wealth bank is shows that it has the transparency with his customers and distributors. This bank is known as one of the top banks in Australia. The Australian people trust more in this bank to invest their money. References: Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014. Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Baker, M.J., 2014. Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Lockrey, S., 2015. A review of life cycle based ecological marketing strategy for new product development in the organizational environment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 95, pp.1-15. Parente, D. and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K., 2014. Advertising campaign strategy: A guide to marketing communication plans. Cengage Learning.

They Caged The Animals At Night Essays - Jennings, Orphanage

They Caged The Animals At Night Subj: book report Date: 11/29/00 8:27:48 pM Pacific Standard Time From: Roman136 To: Roman136 They Caged The Animals At Night Jennings is a child who lived in orphanages until a good friend named Sal came to his rescue. Here is his story. Jennings mom took him to a orphanage called The Home Of The Angels. She told his she would be right back, but she dosent come back not for a while that is.In the Home Of The Angels Jennings is bet and teased. And yet he makes a friend named mark. He was sent to live with the Carpenters where he is bet even more. Jennings mom keeps getting sick and Jennings keeps going back to the orphanages. Jennings final ranaway to the zoo, but he was cought and brought home. Then his mom got sick again and he was sent to an orphanage. Mark was at the orphanage too. Mark died in a few days. Jennings ranaway to the zoo again when he heard a good friends voice. It was Sal. Sal had said he would come for Jennings when he was ready to take care of him. And Sal was ready to take care of Jennings. This is a true book about a boy named Jennings Burch. I rate this book out of 1 - 10, a 10. This book always keep me intersted. The book had a lot of feeling and expression in it. Book Reports

Free Essays on Great Gatsbey Discriptive

Discriptive By 11 o’clock the army has arrived. The Dukes army is arrayed in massive regiments each with a unique purpose. The royal heralds magnificent standards flutter in the light breeze. The shiny gold trimmed, steel cuirasses of the imperial knights glisten as the sun shines upon them. The steel clad warriors boast as if the battle was already won. The smell of sulfur chokes the air as the royal marksman prepare their crude black powder weapons. The halberdiers and footmen amass in ranks awaiting the coming onslaught. In the sky overhead the carrion and crows begin display of acrobatics, as they prepare for a grand feast. The mud strewn peasants dig furiously at the ground crating massive earthworks out of mud and soil. At the forefront of the army foreign mercenaries and slaves curse and gesture at the advancing enemy. On the left and right flanks archers notch their arrows and take aim at the advancing horde. At the rear of the battlefield, high on a hill, atop a massive warhors e is the commander of the English army. Duke Montgomery, a tall, staunch royal who loves to show off his army to many unwilling guests. He twiddles his wiry moustache as he surveys his magnificent expenditure. Beads of sweat drip off of his brow as the sun slowly bakes through his exquisite apparel. His slim face turns to the right to acknowledge his command group. Below him engineers and strategists scuttle around feverishly like ants, trying to figure all of the right calculations. As the enemy army advances time is running short, the final preparations are made, and the newly created army of Duke Montgomery is ready for battle. With one quick gesture form his gloved hand Montgomery signals the archers to let loose a hail of destruction. The arrows fly through the air like a swarm of wooden bees as they slowly descend on their unfortunate victims. Whelps and cries pour out of the mouths of the helpless souls who fall due to the sharp stingers. Wi...

Job's Friends, and their Contribution to the Message of Job Research Paper

Job's Friends, and their Contribution to the Message of Job - Research Paper Example Resultantly, Satan is allowed to destroy Job’s wealth, family and health. Stripped of all his wealth, children and smitten with a malignant boil that covers him head-to-toe, three of Job’s friends Bildad, Zophar and Eliphaz come to comfort him. Their company opens a lengthy dialogue that covers four-fifths of the book. The dialogue among these four friends is interrupted by Elihu and ultimately, God. As shall be seen forthwith, it is not in doubt that the friends play critical roles in the Book of Job- that they fail miserably to comfort Job, notwithstanding.1 In the discourse, Job’s friends attributed Job’s great suffering to sin. Among many other instances, this can be seen in Job 4:1 and 7 where Eliphaz tells Job that those who are innocent cannot suffer harm. Again, in Job 5:17-18, Eliphaz exhorts Job to appreciate the chastising discipline of God. The import of Eliphaz’s reasoning is that misfortunes overtake the evildoers while good things hap pen to the upright in conduct. Therefore, the conclusion that Eliphaz is making is that the misfortunes that have befallen Job are as a result of Job’s sins.2 The flipside of the three friends’ rationale is that so-called bad people cannot get good things. This line of thought is seen in the same book’s references such as 5:5, 15:29 and 18:9. ... To tell such a child that because of his sins, he will have to face life in his parents’ absence and bear the overwhelming sense of loss would be the height of unfathomable insensitivity and shallowness. This makes Eliphaz’s idea on suffering very hard to provide comfort for the suffering innocent. This mentality is the same reason why Job’s comforters inadvertently became his tormentors. Because of the case above, Job’s friends open up a door for the rethinking of the theology that suffering is solely caused by sin. In Christian theology, although Adam’s sin opened the world to suffering, yet, not all suffering that an individual may experience are necessitated by that individual’s sin. On the contrary, instead of lumping suffering as a result of sin, theologians such as Boadt and Ellis have become poignant that suffering is a mystery. In an attempt to reconstruct the meaning of suffering, Boadt and Ellis give insightful standpoints which se parate followers of Christ and those outside Christ. Like Adam who initiated a new system which opened up a Pandora Box of suffering, Christ also initiated a new system through His sacrificial suffering during His Passion. Thus, suffering unites the people of God with Christ.3 Job’s friends also open a door for the discussion on God. Particularly, the false charges that Eliphaz, Zophar and Bildad bring to Job’s charge only foster a siege mentality on the side of Job. Because of this, in his attempt to defend himself, Job insinuates that God is unfairly treating him. Given that Job’s three friends have very limited insight on the nature of God and the developments materializing in Job’s life, it behooved God to stand up for Himself (from Job 38-42:6). God’s

Thermodynamic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Thermodynamic - Essay Example Global standards create an introduction of products to a broad range of countries (Mattli et.al, 30). The creation of the international norms is initiated through responding to the need of the industry and the stakeholders such as consumer group. The standards are developed by the experts who are from different part of the globe who form the large panel of technical’s who meet to discuss and negotiate the standards. . After draft has been created, it is shared with ISO’s members who are asked for the comment and vote on it. When consensus has been arrived on the proposed becomes the international standard, if not it is returned to the technical committee for advanced editing (Henson, 70). In the designing of the products for global consumption there are some units that the producers should consider in their production, the units have much significant and their roles are: ensuring that readings from an instrument units are constant with other measurements; determining the accuracy of the instrument readings; establishing of the dependability of the instrument i.e. that it can be trusted (Henson,

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 33

Case Study Example The company is a market leader in home care market and personal care market that includes products such as deodorants, antiperspirants and skin cleansing products. According to the company website, Unilever is geared at working with integrity and making positive impact in the society through managing all environmental impacts in order to attain long-term goal of developing a sustainable business (Deighton 2). For decades, Unilever described itself as a company with local roots and global scale and eleven of its leading brands that include Lipton, Omo, Dove and Blue Band earned over $ 1 billion in annual revenues. Unilever was $ 50 billion in annual revenues, but its competitors such as Nestle had $ 69 billion, Procter and Gamble had $ 68 billion while Kraft Foods had $ 34 billion. The company operated in all continents and decentralization of operations enhanced diversity, but led to challenges of control. Although some brands attained high market share, the company lacked a global identity thus leading to the ‘Path to Growth’ strategy of 2000 that aimed at cutting down the 1600 brands to 400 brands that would become the ‘Masterbrands’. The shifts to Masterbrands aimed at decentralization and global vision that would ensure cooperation across all geographic markets (Deighton 4). In the 1980s’s Dove’s advertising highlighted the functional benefits such as avoiding of dry skin and marketing slogans referred the brand as ‘moisturizing cream’. Dove was selected to be a Masterbrand in 2000 in personal care categories such as hair care products, body lotions, hair styling products, facial cleansers and deodorants. Although the advertisements focused on the functional benefits, the communication had to shift to cater for the numerous categories and thus Dove would stand for a point of view. In 2004, Unilever recognized the need to position the brand according to consumers’ point of view in order to attain high brand

ASDA Company Analysis

ASDA Company Analysis Asda was formed by a group of farmers from Yorkshire (North of Britain) in 1965. It expanded south in the seventies and eighties, in the process of expansion bought rival chain of superstores Gateways superstores in 1989 for  £705m. This move unexpectedly went against the company because it was very hard for the company to sell too many different products. It was almost at the brink of disaster and to cop it up had to raise money from shareholders in the years 1991 and 1993. In the year 1991, Asda recruited Archie Norman from Kingfisher as the new chief executive, and that addition returned to its roots as a food retailer, and the strategy to be cheaper highlighted it than its three large rivals. For achieving this Asda concentrated on keeping the price low rather than involving in loyalty schemes (described in detail in Asda Approach). The Road to Wal-Mart  I have long been an admirer and I went on a pilgrimage to Wal-Marts headquarters in 1994, I came away thinking they had something we have got to have. In many ways I think this is coming home.  Archie Norman, former CEO Asda. That was what the new chief executive, Archie Norman observed form Wal-Mart and applied to outstand, first of all Asda had the advantage that it had larger stores than its rivals. Next to that, Everyday low price strategy was copied, by focusing on keeping the prices low rather than putting more money on expensive advertising and promotions. This was achieved by the Roll-back campaign, this idea was also taken from Wal-Mart. Take over by Wal-Mart Wal-Mart bought Asda or in other words (as the company focus on) became part of the Wal-Mart family on 26 July 1999 for $10.8 billion. Since then, A gain of one million new customers was claimed by Asda. Even after buying Asda, it was decided the name Asda would stay. Wal-Mart is a giant U.S. retailer and has a large form of superstore, named as Wal-Marts Supercentre, which is also applied here as ASDA-Wal-Mart banner. In July, 2000, Wal-Mart name first appeared, when the Asda-Wal-Mart super centre opened in Bristol. Two more Asda-Wal-Mart super centres opened in 2000. As the Asda applied approaches from Wal-Mart, it was already following and copying Wal-Mart practice to get rid of its crisis through most of the nineties. So it was not a very big transformation for Asda, and thats why the planning to make hypermarkets and Wal-Mart style supercentres was started but it was not very easy in the UK. The reason was the barriers from the government and law [2] Introduction Asda is the second largest supermarket chain in the UK with a 16.8% of the grocery market. Which is also offering food, drink, clothing and general merchandise. It also provides a range of financial services, sold both in the supermarkets and online all over the UK.   Asda is an abbreviation of  ASquith and  DAiries The company is famous for providing the most economical products as compare to others and is known for its two famous marketing campaigns; the first one is Asda price campaign and the other is smiley face rollback campaign. [1] Asda Approach: Asda, as it made its strategy emphasis on low prices and highlighted its popular no-frills Smart Price range. As a result, Asda was crowned Lowest Price Supermarket by The Grocer magazine for the past 11 years. [1] It you go through the current strategy of Asda, which is also described on their official website in a section your Asda, How we do business, very clearly defines the Asda culture: At Asda saving money and keeping costs low is part of our culture. Saving you money every day  isnt a marketing slogan; its the single-minded focus of everyone at Asda. When were asked what it is that we do differently from other retailers what it is that gives us the ability to keep costs low and pass that on to customers in lower prices we dont point to a handful of major initiatives. We talk about everything we do all of the little things that when added together make a big difference. [3] Market share As mentioned earlier, Asda the second largest supermarket chain in the UK. Lead by Tesco and followed by Sainsbury and Morrisons Current Situation Fueling recessionary concern  Asda  yesterday reported through Wal-mart a second quarterly drop in like-for-like sales, 0.4% lower in the three months to end May 2010 as figures show that Asdas market share amonst supermarket rivals Tesco, Sainsbury and Morrisons, has slipped below 17%. New store openings limited growth this year as also Asda indicated that promotions and lower prices for main food products did not have expected effect on turnover and profits as customers reigned in spending. Asda acquired Netto UK stores last year, with the addition of Danish discount supermarkets operators existing UK oulets taking its number of Asda to 377 stores. Asda itself was acquired by Wal-Mart in 1999, although it was decided to stay with the Asda brand name in the UK and the figures released were are part of the second quarter results from the giant US retailer. Asda added that tax increases and cuts in government spending would make the next 18 months challenging for the company and it UK customers whilst Asda indicated that it expected that UK family disposable income would decline in the period. Tesco TSCO grocery market share fell to 30.8%, according the Kantar World Panel market share data. J Sainsbury SBRY remained in third spot with a market share of 16.1%, up from 15.9% a year earlier. Morrison MRW edged up to 11.6% from 11.4% previouly. Kantar monitors the household grocery purchasing habits of 25,000 demographically representative households in the U.K and also indicated that discount retailers Aldi, ex-Netto and Lidl held a combined market share to 6.1% compared with 6.0% a year earlier. [5] Grocery market growth slows Sainsburys and Morrisons outperform 2011/03/04 The latest grocery share figures from Kantar Worldpanel for the 12 weeks ending 20 February 2011 show that the market is subdued as shoppers watch their pennies. Overall market growth slowed slightly this period to 3.9% compared to 4.2% last month. However, both Sainsburys at 5.2% and Morrisons at 4.5% outperformed, growing ahead of the market. Sainsburys market share moved up to 16.5%, compared to 16.3% a year ago, which continues their strong run, gaining share every month since March 2009. Morrisons maintains its 12.3% market share from the same period last year. Tesco and Asda performed slightly behind the market, with share now standing at 30.3% and 16.9% respectively. Fraser McKevitt, Retail Analyst at Kantar Worldpanel commented: Waitrose followed the market trend of slightly slower growth this period, but still posted increased sales of 6.6% compared to a year ago, taking its market share to 4.4%, the highest ever recorded by the retailer. [6] Asdas market share falls again Asda, the Wal-Mart-owned supermarket, saw its market share slip for the fifth consecutive month in March, as the low-priced retailer continued to suffer at the hands of rivals with more premium ranges. Comment The chain saw its market share fall from 16.9pc to 16.8pc over the 12 weeks to May 16. The monthly rolling data put Asdas year-on-year growth at 2.5pc, lagging the overall markets growth of 3.3pc. Earlier this month Asda appointed a new chief executive Andy Clarke to help turn around the chain. Asdas focus on value may be working against the company with the latest figures showing that consumers are continuing to shop at the premium end of the market, said Kantar Worldpanel, which publishes the monthly figures. While Asda suffered, upmarket rival Waitrose maintained its strong run with an increase in market share from 3.8pc to 4.1pc. It saw year-on-year growth of 12.5pc nearly four times the total grocery market growth of 3.3pc. Meanwhile, Kantar said that Tescos premium Finest Range continued to perform well. A spokesman for Asda said that the chain is addressing its under-performance: We know where we want to be, we know what we need to do, and were doing it. J Sainsbury saw its market share grow by 4.4pc, while Wm Morrison saw its share grow by 6pc. One analyst said that over the last four weeks there has been a convergence in the sales performances of the big four. [7]

The Importance of a Good Supervisor Essay examples -- Business Managem

Nurturing a child is comparable to supervising employees. They are both two of the most crucial roles any one can perform, however only a small number of people are satisfactorily taught or qualified to do them. For the most part people learn by trying different alternatives with varying amounts of achievement. This paper will describe the role of a supervisor in a typical organization, covering three traits of an effective manager and how these traits fit the four functions of management. This paper will also examine the relationship between managers, supervisors, and employees, and how these relationships assist in guiding organizations to achieve their maximum potential. Finally, this paper will assess and describe the importance of finding the right employee and the challenges supervisors face in a multicultural society. The functions and responsibilities of a supervisor will vary based upon the duties that the supervisor was appointed to oversee. Components such as the supervisor’s trade, business and division all play a part in establishing the duties and responsibilities. There are many roles a supervisor may have in a standard organization. As a supervisor motivates, nurtures, and guides people as they work, a supervisor will distinguish the best people for the job (Cassidy & Kreitner, 2010, p. 9). Communicating in writing or orally to others, delivering information competently to meet the needs of the audience is another important role of a supervisor. They need to give their total attention to others’ responses, taking the time to absorb the views, ask questions if needed and then adjust procedures in accordance to those responses. There are many traits that a supervisor should possess. Effective ... ...otential. Finally, this paper assessed and described the importance of finding the right employee and the challenges supervisors face in a multicultural society. Works Cited Cassidy, C., Kreitner, R. (2010). Supervision: setting people up for success. p. 8-199. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Daft, R. (2010). Innovative management for turbulent times. Chapter 1, p. 8. South-Western Cengage Learning. Retrieved from http://www.ppt2txt.com/r/9d2a1ad4/ Erickson, R. (27 July 2005). How to hire the right employee for the job and your company. Retrieved from http://www.googobits.com/articles/1810-how-to-hire-the-right-employee- for-the-job-and-your-company.html Moglia, T. (Author). (1997). Supervising for success: A guide for supervisors. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/ashford/Doc?id=10058839

Mountain Men and Merchants

Mountain Men and Merchants; How the West was Explored and Tamed Chad D. Ramsey Student #4101887 History 300 Professor Tracy Derks December 15th 2011 During the beginning and throughout the 19th century, mountain men, trappers and merchants of the fur trade made a vital impact on the development of the previously uncharted West. These men came primarily from the East coast of the United States with a desire for adventure and the calling of a better life.Men like James Bridger, Jedediah Smith, Osborne Russell, Warren Ferris and numerous others left with expedition teams with what they could carry on their backs and on pack animals to explore the Western frontier. While these men appeared to be brave, and experienced some of the harshest conditions that the West had to offer, they were not alone, nor without help in the frontier. The mountain man had to forge relationships over the years with a key ally he would need to survive, the American Indian.Many members of these tribes, most not ably, the Crow, Flathead, Cheyenne, and Shoshone helped these mountain men in their education and understanding of the complexities of the relatively unexplored area. These adventurers, frontiersmen, and trappers were also an industrious cross section of society, who played a vital part in the history of the United States. While American Indians helped Mountain Men to explore the rugged West and were a vital link to route exploration and survival techniques, it was the trappers’ writings, maps and fur trading that played a more important role in the development and exploration of the West.One of the most important roles that these Mountain Men played initially, was that of cartographers. The rough sketching, and understanding of the layout of the land and of cardinal direction, were key ingredients for the success of the Mountain Man. Utley described these talents in Mountain Man Warren Ferris when he observed, â€Å"By Ferris’s time, most trappers could visualize a m ap of the American West more accurate and comprehensive than existed anywhere on aper. Some of what they saw, and knew, leaked out through St. Louis newspapers or spread by word of mouth. Most, However, remained locked in their minds, awaiting the intermediary equipped by training and skill to lay it before the literate world. †1 During the summer of 1847, proclaimed Mountain Man Jim Bridger had already been assisting the early Mormon pioneers who had been crossing the vast stretches of the plains in search of their Zion.Bridger had conferred with Mormon leader Brigham Young about the accuracy of his on hand maps, and even spent time drawing a map of the region for him in the dirt. Stanley Vestal described this situation when he wrote, â€Å"All that Brigham had to go by were the maps prepared by Colonel John C. Fremont- and divine guidance. Old Jim had not heard of divine guidance, and said he was â€Å"ashamed of the maps of Fremont, who knew nothing about the country, onl y the plain travelled road, and that he (Bridger) could correct all the maps published of the western world. 2 These invaluable resources also included the ability to disseminate the information and details of the drawings and maps onto other pieces of parchment, or to communicate them verbally into written form within the pages of a journal or other medium. Within the pages of Osborne Russell’s book titled, Journal of a Trapper are some nine highly detailed maps and routes that take the reader along the many legs of his journeys from 1834-1843. His maps and drawings are an example of a man who was dedicated to the work he was undertaking, and for the detail and chronology that went into it.One such excerpt concerning these details was from Osborne’s journal from June 19, 1835 when he stated, â€Å"This country affords no timber except the quaking Asp which grows in small scrubby groves in the nooks and ravines among the hills 20th we left the waters of Gray’s Creek and crossed a low place in the mountain in an east direction fell on to a small stream running into Lewis’ fork-distance 10 mls. 21st travelled East following this stream to the mouth about 15 mls which [was] about 30 mls.Below the mouth of Salt River. †3 The techniques of hunting and survival were both crucial skills for the mountain men and the trapper. They each had unspoken rules and guidelines that they lived by on a daily basis, and were the ethos they lived by. They trusted their lives to those that they knew, and who with they had fought, and were highly skeptical of any outsiders. The mountain man rarely asked anyone for any kind of assistance, while he held his own standards and earned his daily keep.These men were richly versed in the art of setting up and breaking down a campsite, and could build survival shelters and out buildings that could easily withstand the harshest of winters. Mountain men were also skilled and versed in the field craft of hunti ng game, and known for not wasting any part of a kill. Weber described one of these situations when he noted, â€Å"His companions on that trip long remember how Huddart, crazed by thirst, stuck his head inside a freshly killed buffalo to drink its blood; the story continued to be told on the trail for at least another decade. 4 Some of the essentials that every frontiersman, hunter, and trapper would have on their body or near them at all times included the following: Moccasins and buckskins, a Russell Green River knife found at most trading posts or rendezvous, a trusty horse, a good, comfortable hat to keep the sun off of the face, a â€Å"possibles bag† that carried in it everything to care for and fire a rifle, and lastly, a reliable hunting rifle.Osborne describes his personal kit he carried with him, when he declared, â€Å"A trapper’s equipment in such cases is generally one animal upon which is placed one or two epishemores, (rectangles of buffalo robe which served as padding under the saddle, and as mattresses to sleep on), a riding saddle and bridle, a sack containing six beaver traps, a blanket with an extra pair of moccasins, his powder horn and bullet pouch, with a belt to which is attached a butcher knife, a wooden box containing bait for beaver, a tobacco sack with a pipe and implements for making fire, with sometimes a hatchet fastened to the pommel of the saddle.His personal dress is a flannel or cotton shirt (if he is fortunate enough to obtain one, if not antelope skin answers the purpose of over and undershirt), a pair of leather breeches with blanket or smoked buffalo skin leggings, a coat made of blanket or buffalo robe, a hat or cap of wool, buffalo or otter skin, his hose (socks) are pieces of blanket wrapped around his feet, which are covered with a pair of moccasins made of dressed deer, elk, or buffalo skins, with his long hair falling loosely over his shoulders, completes his uniform.He then mounts and places his ri fle before him on his saddle. †5 In addition to the American Indian helping the mountain men and trappers with survival and hunting knowledge, mountain men also did the same for the Indian in return. Trappers and hunters were the first to introduce to the Indians the use of forged metals for hunting and survival. Large and small game traps were a valuable asset that could be used in multiple areas, and hunting rifles and knives were routinely traded and purchased by the American Indian to enhance and improve their way of life. Notes . Robert Utley, A Life Wild and Perilous: Mountain Men and the Paths to the Pacific (New York: Henry Holt and Co. , 1998), 155. 2. Stanley Vestal, Jim Bridger Mountain Man a Biography (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1970), 160. 3. Osborne Russell, Journal of a Trapper: In the Rocky Mountains Between 1834 & 1843, ed. Aubrey L. Haines (Santa Barbara: The Narrative Press, 2001), 14. 4. Weber, David J. The Taos Trappers (Norman: University of O klahoma Press, 1971), 73. 5. Russell, Osborne. Voices from the Wilderness: the Frontiersman’s Own Story, ed.Thomas Froncek (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974), 321. Bibliography Morgan, Dale. Jedediah Smith and the Opening of the West (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1953). Russell, Osborne. Journal of a Trapper: In the Rocky Mountains Between 1834 & 1843, ed. Aubrey L. Haines (Santa Barbara: The Narrative Press, 2001). Russell, Osborne. Journal of a Trapper: or, Nine years in the Rocky Mountains, 1834-1843: being a general description of the country, climate, rivers, lakes, mountains, etc. , and a view of the life by a hunter in those regions by Osborne Russell, ed. L. A.York (Boise: Syms-York, 1914). Russell, Osborne. Voices from the Wilderness: the Frontiersman’s Own Story, ed. Thomas Froncek (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974). Utley, Robert. A Life Wild and Perilous: Mountain Men and the Paths to the Pacific (New York: Henry Holt and Co. , 1998). Vestal, Stanley. Jim B ridger Mountain Man a Biography (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1970). Weber, David J. The Taos Trappers (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971). http://www. mountainsofstone. com/rendezvous. htm http://westernexplorers. us/FurTrade. html http://www. uintahbasintah. org/usmountainmen. htm

Comparison Essay Topics Meet the Endless Points to Compare!

Comparison Essay Topics Meet the Endless Points to Compare! Term papers, essays, research papers and book reports are parts of every student’s life throughout the world.  A comparison essay is one of them. The word comparison essay means exactly what it is called. A comparison essay is simply description while comparing things. The first step is to describe and explain the similarities between the two items which are chosen. All this discussion must be organized in such a way that when combined together forms the essay. Now the thesis must be formed for the comparison essay and the main points of the comparison are needed to be discovered. Writing a comparison essay is easy; there are some important points which must be taken in to consideration and some rules must be followed. Similarities or differences must be decided before writing the essay and a rough draft must be written on a scrap paper. It must be decided, which part is more significant, the similarities or the differences? The less significant part of the essay must be discussed first; this will generate more interest in the essay and will show the signs of a good comparison essay. After the discussion of the less significant part the students must shift to the more significant part. This part of the essay must be presented using the precise details. It is always much easier to discuss either only the similarities or only differences, but both similarities and differences can be mentioned in the same essay. The comparison essay is usually a five-paragraph essay. Comparison essay topics are easy to find as there are a lot of things which people compare from morning till night. It starts from buying a candy at a store and ends at deciding where to spend the holidays. Comparison essay ideas can be found at every corner in our life; even in our school, we can write about two teams comparing their strong and weak points. We can write an essay comparing our parents, government policies, our neighbors, TV channels, two manufacturers of the same product, two resorts etc. One of the reasons which make it easier to find comparison essay ideas is CustomWritings.com. There are more than 735 experts who are always on their toes to help you out with your problems. Just log on to live chat or call us and we will make your problems disappear.

Consequences Of Extreme Govt. essays

Consequences Of Extreme Govt. essays The Consequences Of Extreme Government Every government ever created is unique. Whether the uniqueness is found in the decision-making process or in the way officials are elected, it creates that government distinctly different from the rest. Although every government is multifarious, many have similar characteristics, which can be compared and contrasted. The one characteristic that every government shares is the attempt to create a utopian society while at the same time maintaining peace and order among the people. Three specific governments that have done or doing this are the Russian government of the early 20th century, the current United States government, and the fictitious government created by George Orwell in his classic novel 1984. The reason that the different governments are interesting to work with is the different levels of success they had. The reason that governments have different success rates, or do not succeed at all, is they overlook essential elements that matter to the people. Why these thr ee governments worked or did not work had to do with how they gave their people opportunities to be active, created fear, communicated with the people, and used money. Both the Orwellian and the American governments work because they take into account these matters, but the early 20th century Russian government did not because it took different ideas and pushed them to such and extreme that the people had to react in extreme ways. Every four years in the United States, citizens have the right to be a part of the presidential election. The concept of the people voting and sharing there views does not seem to fit when the United States government is compared with the Orwellian society of 1984, and the early Russian government. In Orwellian society the people do not vote, because of the successful action of the government to brain wash all the citizens. To create an utopian society by making everyone a mind slav...

Controversy analysis essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Controversy analysis - Essay Example The research question that interests me much is the one that tries to explore the positive and negative effects of abortion (Do the pros of abortion outweigh the cons of abortion to support its legality?) The most interesting thing observed a legal limit of 24 weeks that is safe for abortion. The most convenient time is said to be 12 weeks after conception. This is further explained in that the longer the pregnancy is, the harder the process of abortion becomes. 1. What is something interesting you read in the first article that you didn’t know before? The most interesting thing learnt on the first article on abortion is that most of the modern methods of abortion are safe and do not cause health issues such as infertility and mental health to the person involved. This is as compared to the traditional methods which caused even death of both the mother and the fetus.These methods also give the option to terminate pregnancies, which are viewed to have abnormalities. 2. What is something interesting you read in the second article that you didn’t know before? Both heterosexuals and homosexuals should be given equal rights .this is further explained in that sexual orientation is more determined by nature rather than nurture. Individuals in both do not have any control in the way they are sexually oriented. Both of these topics (abortion, gay rights) are controversial since they seem to go against the rules and regulations of morality in the society. They are usually not easily accepted in the society as they seem to go against the norms or what people view to be right or wrong. Few people can go publicly advocating them or confess to involve in any of the two. The age at which an individual can undergo the process of abortion without exposing her to health problems, the views that teenagers have on abortion and reproductive health and how they

Health and Safety 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health and Safety 4 - Essay Example The conditions outlined above may not originally be there, but may happen during work being carried out. These situations may include grinders giving off dust, welding causing fumes, or escape becoming difficult due to equipment already installed within the space, making escape in case of an emergency difficult. a) Risk assessments that require specialist knowledge. In terms of a construction project, different levels of skill are required to carry out different complexities of tasks. This hierarchy of complexities extend to risk assessment as well as subsequent mitigation as well. In large and complex projects, the CDM coordinator himself has to have the relevant skills and experience to judge where professionals and experts with specialized knowledge would need to be called in to assess the possible vulnerabilities of a particular task, and to help in reducing risks associated with it. For example, electrical risks, mining risks, financial risks in large projects, all require experts in those fields to help the project steer through the potential problems caused by lapses. Specialist knowledge allows these experts to design the risk management procedures to specifically deal potential problems in tasks related to their fields. It also recommended to have these experts on board while these tasks are being carried out, to make sure of the best decision making capabilities in the field if required in times of

Environmental Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Environmental Planning - Research Paper Example The local planners scrutinize proposed public facilities such as hospitals, schools, parking areas, market places among others. They present their request to the relevant government department so as to get approval as well as funding. They have to keep abreast of social, economic as well as legal issues for their project to be viable (Levy, 2011). When the government is sure that all the regulations have been followed, they allow the local planners to implement the plan. This improves the living standards of people in the urban areas as well as creating job opportunities. However, the government is keen to ensure that the project achieve their objectives. They do this by constant evaluations. This ensures that public money and other resources are not misappropriated. In addition, the local planners work together with civic leaders, land developers as well as public officials. They are also charged with the duty of mediating in case of disputes. Thus, they are on many occasions required to defend their proposals before elected official and legislative committee. This ensures that the local developer do not deviate from the state authorities objectives (Levy,

A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Essay Example for Free

A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Essay In ‘A Tale of Two Cities,’ by Charles Dickens, there were two characters that have many different personality traits, strengths, and weaknesses. But they also had a few things in common as well. These two characters are Sydney Carton and Madame Defarge. Although these two characters are alike, they both have different motives. Sydney Carton is a very strong and intelligent man. Fist, Carton presents himself as a drunk, lazy attorney, who feels as though his life has no meaning. Carton professes his love to Lucie Manette, but later on Carton becomes a changed man. He transform into a Christ-like figure. He begins to shoulder his way through life. His goals are positive and lead to his â€Å"recalled to life,† in book the first. Carton only wants to do what he knows will please Lucie, because he wants to die with the knowledge that one human being in the world who thought he was worth something and cared for him. Another character in the book named Stryver, describes Carton as â€Å"summons, no energy, and purpose.† Sydney also describes himself as, â€Å"like one who died young.† The only time in which Carton’s motivation kick in is towards the end, when he sacrifices his own life for Charles Darnay because he knows it is what would make Lucie Manette happy. The next character I will describe is Madame Defarge. Madame Defarge is completely motivated as well as Carton is, but Madame Defarge is also driven with revenge. It appears that Madame Defarge goals are only of vengeance. Madame Defarge is self-centered; app her goals are reflected around herself and her own revenge, which is shown when she says, â€Å"Tell the wind and fire where to stop; not me.†

Product Hopping Case Study Analysis

Product Hopping Case Study Analysis

Contemporary Music Analysis and Speculation :: essays research papers

Nuova Consonanza - NC Berlino 1969 The piece begins with about 3 sounds occurring concurrently. I can identify a guitar or similar string instrument distinctly. I also hear a wind instrument drone. As the piece progresses, I hear random noises in the background. These begin with an object sliding down a wire, creating a downward scale effect. High pitched piano that is low in intensity is heard. Suddenly I hear a squeaky, high pitched sound that sounds like squeaking on glass with wet fingers. This is soon followed by clinging objects such as keys. It sounds as if they are made of plastic or wood. The squeaky sound continues and becomes more regular and frequent. Added to it is a sound similar to a xylophone. I hear objects being struck that produce different tones, medium in pitch. The mood of the piece gradually changes into a darker aura. Deeper, lower pitched percussion begins to take over as the most-noticed sound in the piece. This low percussion gets louder and more frequent, leading into some high pitched sounds that resemble an object striking wooden planks. Soon after, I begin to notice the sound of trumpets or some other brass instrument backed by low pitched percussion, such as a bass drum. The brass is joined by what sounds like a squeaky hinge for a short time. The metal-on-metal sound heard here is very distinct. These sounds gradually fade away as the piece becomes more silent. The instrumentation becomes more drone-like, resembling the beginning of the piece. After the period of reduced volume, I hear several instruments making short, fast sounds. The drone style continues, as the short, fast sounds are clearly the secondary focus. The first sound I identify sounds like a human blowing into a long tube. Next I hear a flute and what sounds like a high pitched electric motor speeding and slowing. This transitions into high pitched, continuous percussion, which sounds like cymbals. The brass heard before continues but now it is much more continuous and drone-like. After a while the volume gets louder, while the sounds continue in a drone fashion. The sounds fade away, but as the piece ends I hear springs creaking and a human inhale. As a listener I can categorize this piece into the collage category. I feel that while listening I am among a collection of objects and am free to observe any one of them at any given time.

The Gilded Age

The Gilded Age – Immigration & Urbanization Immigration and Urbanization during the Gilded Age were without a doubt a major issue. Many of the political leaders were Immigrants themselves when they started from the bottom. The controversy with them is whether or not they held on to their roots. Urbanization during the Gilded age had a horrible impact for the lower class. Their living environments were beyond unpleasant. Having open sewers also created diseases and contamination. The amount of poverty during this time was very high.The Urbanization of cities separated the classes causing an even bigger mess. The rich and poor no longer lived in the same areas. Instead they each had their own suburbs. (B) Mass amounts off people were homeless, crime rates grew at a fast pace, and children were left starving. All these problems happened because of the urbanization. While the poor were living miserable lives, the rich had all they could ask for living the good life. (D) The Street s were also a very filthy place in any weather condition. When it rained it turned into slimy conditions.When it didn’t rain, the streets were full of dust. The sprinkling in the summer made the dust into mud and then that mud was turned into dust by the winds. No matter what time it was always an unpleasant setting. Sewers were clogged by the grease that came from the wagon axles, pavements couldn’t even be viewed because of the mass amounts of dust. The open sewers filled the air with an unpleasant smell on every land. Once the citizens were tired of it all the voters soon influenced their political leaders to do something about it. O) We’ve seen these types of influences by the voters in the present day as well. The pros of living in a democracy is that with the will power of the people things can be changed for the better. Religion was also a big craze during this time. Reverends during this time focused on converting citizens to Christ’s Religion. Th ey came up with a belief in religious remedies. These remedies were said to purify a man’s whole being. They swore they had converted many foul men and women by sanctifying them. They claimed that by doing this, it would free them from committing any social sins.Desires for drinking, anger, pride, and love were also â€Å"removed† and healed by the blood of Christ. (K) These different types of religions were also a reason as to why different groups were separated. Immigration during this time was good for those who employed. Not so good for those who were employed by them. When big amounts immigrants arrived at one time, those in the industry lowered the wages knowing that the new immigrants would work for any salary. Long hours and very little pay most likely exhausted the workers. Conditions were not the best even though the companies claimed they were. Q) These problems are still slightly seen today. Immigrants are still being paid whatever the employers want and it ’s obviously not fair at all. It is such a shame that there is still no solution to this problem. Cultural differences also separated many couples. They might have started loving each other while in one of their countries and eventually gotten engaged. The opinions of others could also have caused these separations. The fact that couples from two different places could have been the cause of the very judging opinions of others.Those opinions from others could also have created the same thoughts about their partners. (V) The knowledge that some of the people who were joined could have benefited the governments but because of the judgment it became otherwise. All of these factors contributed the bad times during the gilded age. We still see many of those problems in the present day. It makes us think about the different options that we have in order to change these repeated troubles. It is up to the young generation to think these things through. With many contributing great th inking minds anything can be solved The Gilded Age

Effect on Starbucks Store Design on Consumer Behavior

How Starbucks store design affect its consumer behavior in China. Starbucks Corporation is an American global coffee company, coffeehouse chain stores that adapt Italian-style coffeehouse. It is the largest multinational chain of coffee shops with 20,366 stores in 61 countries, including 13,123 in the United States and 732 stores in China. The first Starbucks opened in Seattle, Washington, on March 30, 1971 by three partners: English teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegl, and writer Gordon Bowker.The three were inspired by coffee roasting entrepreneur Alfred Peet, whom they knew personally, to sell high-quality coffee beans and equipment The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo in 1996. After that Starbucks entered the U. K market in 1998. And Finally in January 1999, Starbucks opened its first store in Mainland China at the China World Trade Building and continue spread its wing to Hong Kong in May 2000, and Macau in August 2002. Right now there are near 500 stores in China, including Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau.In the Mainland—the region with the fastest growth, there are over 230 stores in 22 cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Within a period of time, Starbucks has successfully established itself as the premium coffee leader in China with great brand recognition and high customer satisfaction. In this paper, our group will focus on how Starbucks store design influence its consumer behaviour in China. In order to achieve our goal, first, we will focus on how Starbucks consumer behaviour in China and compare it with other countries such as U. S. A.And then we will compare Starbucks in China store concept design and how it affect the consumer behaviour in China and then compare it with KFC store design. STARBUCKS IN CHINA Asia, particularly China, is well known for its love of tea. Yet Starbucks so excited about the market in China. The stores are full of people most o f the time. But it is clearly a tea drinking society. It would be a much longer education process. With an overall population of around 1. 3 billion, rising incomes, & increasing in global attitude are viewed very promising for companies around the world. However, coffee market in China is still far behind the hype. 0 percent growth in coffee sales for past 5 years, per capita consumption 1kg per person, while 4kg in US. Tea is still number one beverage in China. Comparing China with Japan, Japan also well known for a tea nation, but Japanese also love to drink coffee. Coffee marketers still find difficulties in transforming tea drinking nation to coffee drinking nation, because Chinese people believe that tea have medicinal qualities that coffee doesn’t have. With China growing economy and middle class is increasing in size. Middle & upper class, which are the consumer of Starbucks, tend to be located in major city (GZ, BJ, & SH).Coffee for younger, wealthier, professional C hinese is seen as enjoy eating out, associated with western lifestyles, associate Starbucks with wealth and status, enjoy sweet tasting foods and beverages, particularly desserts. There are some competitors such as McCafe, etc. However, instant coffee is the major player. Because the Chinese not yet appreciate the taste of coffee and also cannot taste the difference between each types. Inexpensive mixes, such as Nescafe holds nearly half the market share. STARBUCKS IN USA Basically, America is a coffee drinking nation.They are used to drink coffee in the morning before go to work. Americans always look for coffee during the break time, or in meeting time. Before Starbucks era, coffee used to so cheap and simple, then Starbucks revolutionize it. The Starbucks culture has infiltrated almost every part of American society. They have created a new lifestyle for American people. The Starbucks stores don't just sell coffee, they sell an atmosphere. An example is taken from the Starbucks i n Times Square in New York City. It is very common to find several college student doing homework late at night around ten o'clock.The late hours that most Starbucks stores have is great for business because customers know that there will always be a Starbucks open to sit down and have a cup of coffee. Some Starbucks are even open until midnight. The atmosphere is simply contagious. In US, couples of all ages stop by in Starbucks just to sit down and talk. During the winter, American really like to have a cup of coffee or even hot chocolate to warm up and to sit and chat. Yet Starbucks ran with the idea of the sit down atmosphere and not only applied the concept to the winter time and hot coffee, but they expanded the idea to include every season during the year.Now a large part of the Starbucks menu is â€Å"iced† or â€Å"cold† lattes and iced coffees. Moreover, following the interest of people in USA, Starbucks continues to expand and no competition pursuing it. The y continue to play a huge role in society. In NYC, especially in Manhattan, you won't walk by more than four blocks without seeing a Starbucks. The stores are everywhere and the mere sight of them makes you walk into them. COMPARISON BETWEEN STARBUCKS IN USA AND CHINA By their culture themselves, USA and China are different.American use to drink coffee, on the other hand, China is a tea drinking nation. People in US see drinking coffee in Starbucks as a part of their life. They gather, do homework, do some business meeting, or even just enjoy a cup of coffee. In China you wouldn’t find that. Chinese people prefer to just get some Coco milk tea or Happy Lemon and take it with them while walking. In major cities in China, younger wealthier generation starts to follow the western culture. They start hanging around in Starbucks with their friend, but more into status show-off oriented.The last point is the level of appreciation on coffee for each country. In America, they will sp end a bunch amount of money only for drinking Starbucks coffee because they know that Starbucks is offering high coffee quality. On the other hand, in China, they still consider Nescafe (simple mix coffee) as their choice. So Starbucks should implement different strategy for each of the market. For Starbucks in USA, they should maintain their quality stability so the consumer would be loyal to them, while in China they have to continue their education about the art of drinking coffee.Starbucks vs KFC As we all know Starbucks and KFC are MNC which already have many branches all over the world. In order to keep the standardization of their branches, they made some characteristic which is very fundamental for every branch to follow as the basic concept of their store. With these standardizations, it is easy for people to notice their store. Now, we are going to learn more about the standardizations which is created by Starbucks and KFC and also their differences. KFC is very famous fas t food restaurant in all over the world.We could find KFC in a lot of countries and also if we notice, all of the KFC stores have same design both exterior and interior. Red and White store colour is their trademark in all over the world. KFC also set their store ambience for family dine in. Coffee; it is the first thing that will come to our mind if we heard the name of Starbucks. As KFC, Starbucks also do some standardization on their branches design which one of them is the brown and green colour. They also use the coffee scent to attract their customers.However, in some of Starbucks branches, you can see different store design. Starbucks sometimes try to adapt with the local culture like for example Starbucks in Qian Men. Starbucks Qian Men is using classic Chinese Store design as their main theme, but still keep the green and brown concept of Starbucks. Image 1: Starbucks in Qian Men on the top floor. Image 2: Starbucks in Qian Men from outside. Image 4: KFC store in China Imag e 3: Interior of Starbucks in Qian Men. We found that both KFC and Starbucks have some standard that they have in all of their store design.However, the difference between KFC and Starbucks is that KFC keeps some the major characteristic of their store with only minor changes while on the other hand, Starbucks sometimes do a little bit of modification on some branches. According to www. starbucks. com Starbucks are using â€Å"design sandboxes† concept as their main concept. Concept stores are unique environments created by our designers to explore innovations within the coffeehouse. That sense of exploration is extended to everyone who visits, through daily coffee and tea cups, artistic events and community gatherings.However, Starbucks sometimes take a bold step to take it to another level. They bravely made major changes in some of their store to adapting to the local market and local culture but yet still maintaining their main concept which is sandbox concept. The Conclu sion After comparing Starbucks in China and U. S. A, we can conclude that Starbucks consumer in China, whose mainly are mainly rising upper-middle class â€Å"modern Chinese†, white collar workers and college students, consider Starbucks not as a mere coffee shop.In China, Starbucks image has been upgraded from just a mere coffee-shop to a â€Å"modern† way of living, in comparison to Starbucks in U. S. A. In most cases, Chinese people’ motivation to purchase Starbucks is not because they are a coffee-drinking society but more into status show-off oriented. From store design and atmosphere point of view, Starbucks in China is trying to implement sense of chill and relax to make people like to stay for longer time; in which, you can’t find in any KFC branches.

Myths About Spanish and the People Who Speak It

Myths About Spanish and the People Who Speak It When many people, especially those in the United States, think of Spanish, they tend to think of mariachis, their favorite Mexican actor and Mexican immigrants. But the Spanish language and its people are far more diverse than the stereotypes suggest. Here we debunk 10 myths about Spanish and the people who speak it: More People Grow up Speaking English Than Speaking Spanish Because English has become a worldwide lingua franca for science, tourism, and business, its easy to forget that English is far surpassed by two other languages in terms of numbers of native speakers. Easily ranking No. 1 is Mandarin Chinese with 897 million native speakers, according to the Ethnologue database. Spanish comes in a distant second with 427 million, but thats well ahead of English with 339 million. One reason English seems more prominent is that its regularly spoken in 106 countries, compared with just 31 countries for Spanish. And English does rank ahead of Spanish when non-native speakers are counted as it is the worlds most common second language. Spanish Is the Language of Latin America The term Latin America traditionally is applied to any of the countries of the Americas where a Romance language is the dominant language. So the most populous country of Latin America - Brazil with more than 200 million residents - has Portuguese, not Spanish, as its official language. Even French-and Creole-speaking Haiti is considered part of Latin American, as is French Guiana. But countries such as Belize (formerly British Honduras, where English is the national language) and Suriname (Dutch) are not. Neither is French-speaking Canada. Even in countries where Spanish is the official language, other languages are common. Indigenous languages such as Quechua and Guarani are widely used in large swaths of South America, and the latter is co-official in Paraguay, where it is spoken even by many who arent of Amerindian heritage. Nearly two dozen languages are spoken in Guatemala, and in Mexico, about 6 percent of people dont speak Spanish as their first language. Native Spanish Speakers Talk Like Speedy Gonzales The Spanish of the cartoon character Speedy Gonzales is an exaggeration of Mexican Spanish, of course, but the truth is that a minority of Spanish speakers have a Mexican accent. The Spanish of Spain and Argentina, to take two examples, doesnt sound like Mexican Spanish- just as U.S. English speakers dont sound like their counterparts in Great Britain or South Africa. Although much of the regional variations in English tend to be with the vowels, in Spanish the variation is in the consonants: In the Caribbean, for example, speakers may tend to distinguish little between the r and the l. In Spain, most people pronounce the soft c with the tongue against the upper teeth rather than the front of the palate. There are substantial variations as well in the rhythm of speech from region to region. The Spanish 'R' Is Difficult to Pronounce Yes, it does take practice to get the trilled r to come naturally, but millions learn it every year. But not all Rs are trilled: You can pronounce the common word pero close to correctly just by sounding out peddo, and mero sounds very much like meadow. In any case, its undoubtedly easier for native English speakers to pronounce the Spanish r than for native Spanish speakers to pronounce the English r. People Who Speak Spanish Are Spanish As a nationality, Spanish refers to people from Spain and only Spain. People who are from Mexico are, well, Mexican; people from Guatemala are Guatemalan; and so on. I wont try to settle here any controversy over how to use terms such as Hispanic and Latino. Suffice it to say that traditionally in Spanish, hispano is used to refer to someone from the Iberian Peninsula, while latino can refer to anyone from a country that speaks a Latin-derived language - and sometimes specifically to people from the Lazio region of Italy. Native Spanish Speakers Have Brown Skin, Brown Eyes and Black Hair In their totality, Spain and the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America are every bit the melting pot of races and ethnicities that the United States is. The societies of Spanish-speaking Latin America descend not only from Spaniards and indigenous Amerindians but also from peoples of Africa, Asia, and non-Spanish Europe. Most of the Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas have a population that is majority mestizo (mixed race). Four countries (Argentina, Chile, Cuba, and Paraguay) are majority white. In Central America, many blacks, usually descendants of slaves, live along the Atlantic coast. Cuba, Venezuela, Colombia, and Nicaragua each have a black population of around 10 percent. Peru especially has a large population of Asian ancestry. About 1 million are of Chinese heritage, and thus the abundance of chifas, as Chinese restaurants are known there. One of the former presidents of Peru, Alberto Fujimori, is of Japanese heritage. You Can Form Spanish Nouns Just by Adding 'O' to the English Word This works sometimes: A car in much of Latin America is a carro, a telephone is a telà ©fono, an insect is an insecto, and a secret is a secreto. But try this often and most of the time youll just end up with gibberish. Besides, an a works sometimes too: A jar is a jarra, music is mà ºsica, a family is a familia, and a pirate is a pirata. And, please, dont say No problemo for No problem. Its No hay problema. People Who Speak Spanish Eat Tacos (or Maybe Paella) Yes, tacos are common in Mexico, although it should tell you something that Taco Bell markets itself as U.S.-style fast food in Mexico, not as a Mexican-style chain. And paella is indeed eaten in Spain, although even there its considered something of a regional dish. But these foods arent found everywhere that Spanish is spoken. The fact is every region of the Spanish-speaking world has its own culinary favorites, and not all have crossed international boundaries. Not even the names are the same: Ask for a tortilla in Mexico or Central America, and youre likely to get a sort of pancake or bread made from cornmeal, while in Spain youre likelier to receive an egg omelet, possibly prepared with potatoes and onions. Go to Costa Rica and ask for a casado, and youll get a simple if tasty four-course meal. Ask for the same in Chile, and theyll just wonder why youd want a married man. Spanish Will Take Over English in the United States While the number of native Spanish speakers in the United States is projected to increase to around 40 million by 2020 - up from 10 million in 1980 - studies consistently show that their children will grow up bilingual and that their grandchildren are likely to speak English exclusively. In other words, the level of Spanish speaking is tied more closely to current immigration rates than it is to use of Spanish by those born in the U.S. The descendants of Spanish speakers switch to English as they assimilate just as did those who came to America speaking German, Italian and Chinese. Spanish Is an Official Language in Just Spain and Latin America Of the African territories that were once part of the Spanish Empire, one independent country still uses Spanish. Thats Equatorial Guinea, which gained independence in 1968. One of the smallest countries in Africa, it has around 750,000 residents. About two-thirds of them speak Spanish, while French, Portuguese and indigenous languages also are used.

Who owns the land owns everything reaching to the heavens and down to the centre of the earth Essays

Who owns the land owns everything reaching to the heavens and down to the centre of the earth Essays Who owns the land owns everything reaching to the heavens and down to the centre of the earth Paper Who owns the land owns everything reaching to the heavens and down to the centre of the earth Paper Essay Topic: Law This report will look into how far the Latin maxim cuis est solum eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos or he who owns the land owns everything reaching to the heavens and down to the centre of the earth still holds true today. Gray and Gray (2009) state that the Latin maxim traces back to medieval times when its meaning held true. However in modern property law, there is evidence to suggest this does not hold true today. In Bernstein of Leigh (Baron) v Skyviews General Ltd1, it was declared that the rights of the owner are limited to a height that is necessary for the owner to use and enjoy his/her land and above that height the owner of the land has no more right than any other ordinary person of the public. Today there are hot air balloons, aircrafts etc which makes it necessary to balance the rights of airspace between fee simple and the public. The Civil Aviation Act 1982, s 76, also reinforces the concept of how the owners airspace is now restricted to a lower level than it once was. Section 76 of the act restricts the fee simples right to sue aircraft in trespass or in nuisance providing the aircraft flies over the property at a reasonable height. The restriction imposed by the Civil Aviation Act 1982, s 76, states no action whatsoever shall prevail providing it the aircraft does not affect the fee simples ordinary use or enjoyment of his/her property. However Gray and Gray (2009) show that aerial trespass can result from low flying aircraft2. Hence the flying height of aircraft should abide by The Civil Aviation Act 1982, s 76. This is supported by Justice Douglas3 who stated, the landowner must have exclusive control of the immediate reaches of the enveloping atmosphere or buildings could not be erected, trees could not be planted and even fences could not be run. This part of the airspace is known as the lower stratum. Whereas in contrast Gray (1991) states that the upper stratum which is beyond the lower stratum is open to exploitation by all. However Gray (1991) gives rise to the example of People v. Cook4 where the Supreme Court of California recognised that the owner of the property in the lower stratum is open to invasion of privacy via inspection from those that may be passing the property in the upper stratum. Gray and Gray (2009) emphasise how the importance of visual trespass has become more important today. For example importance of privacy laws, the emerging law of harassment and ECHR Art 8(i) (the right to respect of his private and family life, his home and his correspondence) have made visual trespass a concern within the area of property law. This shows that although property is thought to be divided into layers. Although the lower layer belongs to the fee simple to a region up to where the owner can reasonably use it and enjoy it. This questions the vulnerability of the owners land to those above it. Hence if the fee simples property is vulnerable to those above it. It raises the question can any of it be said to truly be the owners if its privacy can be so easily compromised. However there is a counter-argument which challenges this as it can be seen that the onus lies with the owner to protect those activities on their property that they wish to protect from those external to their property5. Damages may also need to be paid for trespassing whether or not trespass caused actual damage to the owner of the land6. This case showed that sky cranes trespassing over anothers property for the purposes of construction had to pay compensation even though no direct damage to the fee simple was caused. By using the cranes over the fee simples property, it saved the building contractor $500,000. It was ruled that compensation for the fee simple should result where economic advantage is made by the use of property of another. This can in effect be thought of as it being necessary to rent the property by the party requiring use. Although no direct damage is caused by the trespasser, the fee simple does incur a loss and the third party benefits from the fee simples property; whereas the trespasser profits from the property of the fee simple. While the first maxim cuis est solum eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos (he who owns the land owns everything reaching to the heavens and down to the centre of the earth), imposes restrictions, another Latin maxim superficies solo cedit (a building becomes part of the ground or solum) has the effect of granting extended rights, this was illustrated in Rogers (Inspector of Taxes) v. Longsdon7 where an artificial heap of waste was held to have become part of the land once trees and grass started growing on it. Thus a house or other structure which cannot be removed without demolition or destruction is presumed to have been intended to form part of the realty as stated by Lord Lloyd of Berwick8. A top floor of a high rise block of flats would also constitute as being land as would a dry stone wall which inheres in the landscape in such a way as to become part of the land9. The Interpretation Act 1978, Sch 1 provides that land includes buildings and other structure, land covered with water, and any estate, interest, easement, servitude or right in or over land. It is not only actual buildings or parts of buildings but also anything that attaches to them in such a way as to become a fixture. There are two types of items fixtures and chattels; Luther (2004) states their distinction is elusive. When looking at whether an item is a fixture or chattel, it is usual for judges to refer to two tests from Blackburn J in Holland v. Hodgson10. The basic principle here is that if an item is attached to the land it is usually a fixture, whereas chattels do not attach to the land but rest on their own weight. The noteworthy point here is that fixtures that are between the land and the heavens do form part of the owners land but chattels may not belong to the owner and if the property was bought from a previous owner, the previous owner has the right to remove any chattels that are still inside the property he has sold even though they currently sit between the earth and the heavens of the new fee simple who has just bought the property. This shows that not everything between the centre of the earth and the heavens forms part of the owners land. It is also of note that chattels do not form part of the land under the tests which is why it does not form part of the land even though the chattel may be on his property but a chattel could belong to the owner of the land just as it could belong to someone else or the previous owner. Regarding subterranean zones, Gray and Gray (2009) state that English law recognises that the owner has the right to at least some of the land under the soil but the Latin maxims declaration that the owner owns everything to depths as far as the centre of the earth is a little misleading in modern property law. Bradbrook (1987 cited by Gray and Gray (2009) states that the land owners rights are unlikely to reach further than 200 metres beneath the surface of the land. Minerals and other inorganic substances that are found beneath the grounds of the owner belong to him11. However there are exceptions regarding coal12 that is yet to be worked on and petroleum13. They belong to the Coal Authority and the Crown respectively. The subterranean forms part of the owners and therefore it is possible to trespass on the owners land in the subterranean zone i. e. underground as far down as is regarded to be the owners land. Trespass may arise via entry to a cave under the owners land14 or by installing a sewer pipe15 under the owners land without authorisation from the owner of the land. Gray and Gray (2009) illustrated that the owner of the land has no absolute title to the water itself flowing through his land through a channel (i. e. river). The owner has the right to reasonably enjoy16 the flow of the water without diminishing17 the flow of the water or its purity to those further down the channel. The owner has the right to fish in the water flowing through his land as far as he can reach by normal casting or spinning18. The owner also has right to the fish once he kills and catches them and they become his absolute property19. Conclusion The Latin maxim of, he who owns the land owns everything reaching to the heavens and down to the centre of the earth does not hold true in modern property law. This notion was perhaps true when it was first realised dating back to the medieval times. However with the evolution of science and technology, much has become possible with items such as aircraft, hot air balloons and other things that would not be possible to use if all property stretched from the centre of the earth to the heavens; every aeroplane or helicopter would be trespassing. Hence as far as to what extent the concept of how far this Latin maxim is still valid in todays society is concerned. It does not hold true. In general, it is thought that the owners property extends to 200 metres below the surface of the ground and that it is unlikely to be higher than 200 metres above roof level. These measurements are not stipulated but it is a rough estimate as it gives the owner the right of space above and below his land from which he can fully benefit from the use his land and use it reasonably for enjoyment. It was also found that the owner of the land owns the land and the buildings upon it, the associated fixtures, minerals and other inorganic substances are said to be the fee simples, the right to enjoy reasonably any water passing through his land with causing the water any damage and the fish within the water become his absolute property. However it was also found that although chattels may be on the owners land he may not own them which may allow them to be recovered by the owner.

Particularities of Starting a Small Business Assignment

Particularities of Starting a Small Business - Assignment Example In addition, business financial statements are existent to assist the owners of businesses and decision makers and are the leading business planning function (Drucker 83). For a business to grow, the business financial statements should establish the finest forms of costs, benefits of every form of finance, available finance, the responsibility of financial markets in providing finance, and the risk connected to finance. These financial statements are employed to give insight into a business’ debts and asset at a given time. Apart from that, the information on the shareholder’s equity in the business is also incorporated. A balance sheet also indicates the abilities and strengths of a business. Moreover, the balance sheet evaluates the decrease or increase in the business value from time to time. The balance sheet appraises the asset and liability composition, the value of retained earnings, and the relative equity financing and proportion of debt (Drucker 84). Income statement provides information that concerns the business income earned in a given time. In addition, income statements illustrate the expenses of the business in acquiring the shareholder earnings and income per share. More often than not, income statements give a record of incomes after a year (Drucker 86). Every expense in the income statement should be equal to the business and its functions. Cash flow statements grant an evaluation of money movement in and out of business. Cash flow statements are essential in deciding whether or not a business has the adequate finance to handle expenses, acquire assets, and pay bills (Drucker 87). The cash flow statements entail information from financial activities, operating and investing. Various entrepreneurs find fault in building forecast with the perception that it takes too much time; time that could be used for business transactions instead of planning.