Mise-en-scene Film and Elements - 1116 Words

MISE-EN-SCENE [DR STRANGELOVE(1963)] Mise-en-scene (pronounced `Meez-ahn-sen ) Mise-en-scene is a concept that was transposed from the theatre, where it meant that the director took into account everything that appeared on the stage; he took into account the effect of everything that appeared in the frame of onstage space. These elements had to further the purpose and function of the play. So too in film. Generally there is nothing in a film frame that is not meant to be there, that is not planned. So elements of the frame have a purpose in the act of constructing the meanings in a film. Mise-en-scene is a huge topic, and this module will not cover it all. I will especially not go into lighting in great detail. Nevertheless, it†¦show more content†¦colour Colour is almost too obvious. In creating realism it is obviously useful. But in creating ambience, as in BIRTH OF A NATION it is obviously useful as well. Here the colour is obtained through using a filter. Actor s expression, position and movement Why do actors stand where they do in a scene? Very often because positions in space relative to other people establish relationships between people. Movement establishes and moves the narrative. From movement, as from all elements of mise-en-scene, our intertextual threads awaken and we use these to make meanings, which change those threads we have in different arrangements to each other. Obviously this is one of the most powerful elements of mise-en-scene. You may like to think about the impact of expression, position and movement by asking questions like `Why is she standing there? `What effect does that have? `Why is he playing the mouth organ? Why is she lying behind the other actor? Screen space This is not location, although it involves the location. As BT say, it involves the organisation of shape, textures, and patterns of light and dark. But more than this, in SF film screen space is often a fundamental element of the narrative. Space is an element that is constructed, that takes on character in film, for example, in BLADE RUNNER. It is the construction of elements within a space, within a frame that is important. Shots generally have someShow MoreRelatedEssay about Analysis of German Film Run Lola Run906 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of German Film Run Lola Run Run Lola Run, is a German film about a twenty-something woman (Lola) who has 20 minutes to find $100,000 or her love (Manni) will be killed. The search for the money is played through once with a fatal ending and one would think the movie was over but then it is shown again as if it had happened ten seconds later and changed everything. It is then played out one last time. After the first and second sequence, there is a red hued, narrative bridgeRead MoreContribution of Digital Projections for Approaching Mise En Scene in Contemporary Theatre Performance1401 Words   |  6 PagesContribution of Digital projections for approaching mise en scene in contemporary theatre performance. By Shyam Kottegoda In this research paper I’m going to describe about theater production technology which it is using digital production and how it is saturate to the mise en scene. Cinematic theater is term of using digital projection in contemporary theatre. That can be briefly described as a fusion of live performance and the magic of the big screen. By utilizing the best dramaticRead MoreMovie Analysis : Die Hard 1222 Words   |  5 PagesDie Hard, a film directed by John McTiernan, successfully utilized several aesthetics, which offered viewers various meanings throughout the duration of the film. Although the diverse meanings grasped by viewers may differ, it was clear to me that McTiernan effectively applied elements of cinematography and mise-en-scene that resulted in viewers being allowed to interpret a range of different meanings or functions of the elements. Throughout Die Hard, many elements of cinematography were performedRead MoreFilm Analysis Of Neill Blomkamps District 9848 Words   |  4 Pagesusual, clichà © alien movies. Through its imposing cinematography and mise-en-scà ¨ne, an element of compassion is woven in throughout District 9, inverting the audience’s expectations with a shocking, novel narrative. The first fifteen minutes open up in a ‘mockumentary’ style, establishing the environment with interviews, news footage, corporation logs, and found footage of the alien ship hovering over Johannesburg. The film’s opening scene communicates that the extraterrestrials first arrived during theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Shop Around The Corner1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe Heart-Warming Effect of Mise-En-Scene The Shop around the Corner is a romantic comedy directed by Ernst Lubitsch. The film follows a group of shop clerks at a general store called Matuschek and Company. Two shop clerks, Klara Novak and Alfred Kralik, disagree on everything and ridicule each other anytime possible. What they do not know is that they have been exchanging love letters to each other anonymously. Throughout the course of the film the two fall in love with each other and by the endRead MoreSuspense Is Crucial in Horror and Thriller Films Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesmaking of horror and thriller films. The significance of suspense in horror films is to bring out the â€Å"twist or unexpected moment of realization that makes someone scream and ones heart race. In the film industry, there are various types of genre, but as different as films may seem, they all have one element that links them all together. That element is known as Mise-en-scene. Mise-en-scene is a French phrase that means â€Å"putting into the scene.† Mise-en-scene includes elements such as setting, lightingRead MoreInception- Mise-En-Scene1724 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Mise-en-scene† The scene that is going to be analyzing in this part is the scene in the second dimension of the dream. In the other word, the scene in the hotel or Arther’s dream. Mise-en-scene will covered many details in the shot for example, setting, lighting, character casts with their performance style, costume and make up, and the props that is using in the shot. This analysis will involve only the part where all of characters are in the same room, before theyRead MoreSettings and Actors: What ´s Mise-en-scene? Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesOverview: - The objective of the creative project is to familiarize with the aspects of mise-en-scene by means of implementing them in a practical form. The creative project two will showcase how certain degree of changes made with respect to features of mise-en-scene can bring about a differentiation in genre and scenic atmosphere without any alterations brought about in the script. Following aspects such as settings, props, dà ©cor, actors, lighting, costume, makeup, space, time, and focusing onRead MoreTo What Extent Does the Mise-En-Scene in ‘Night of the Hunter’ Reinforce an Understanding of the Films Mood, Character and Narrative Themes?1168 Words   |  5 PagesTo what extent does the Mise-en-Scene in ‘Night of the Hunter’ reinforce an understanding of the films mood, character and narrative themes? The term Mise-en-Scene is used to signify the director’s control over what happens in the film frame. In English the phrase literally translates to â€Å"putting in the scene† (Bordwell, 2010a). ‘Night of the Hunter’ (Charles Laughton, 1955) is a prime example of a film that uses aspects of Mise-en-Scene to sway the audience’s opinions of characters and theirRead MoreCritical Analysis of the Opening Extract of Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet1107 Words   |  5 Pagesin a specific way in his film Romeo and Juliet. The point of this essay is to analyse them in the opening extract. The presentational devices are: sound; mise en scene; and cinematography. The elements of mise en scene are: why things are placed where they are; what the characters are wearing; body language and facial expression. Sound is quite obvious but there are many different types: Diegetic is sound which is heard as part of the film world; non-diegetic is sound

Microeconomics Homework Free Essays

Patent is defined as the bundle of rights of an investor or his assignee to have â€Å"exclusive rights† granted by the state for a fixed given time in trade for a discovery of an invention (Freeadvice.com 2008: 1). Based from this definition of patent, it is already clear that an individual can have the freedom to solely produce a certain good given that he/she invented it. We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomics Homework or any similar topic only for you Order Now This sole production of an individual or a firm triggers for the existence of monopoly in the market. Monopoly requires only a single producer and many buyers. Therefore, with the aid of patent, an individual can easily engaged into monopoly since the government would provide that said person legal protection and privilege to be the sole producer of a certain good after a specific period of time. This legal protection of a certain invention serves as the barrier for other people to reproduce it other than the inventor or his assignee. As for the case, due to the discovery of sucralose as a substitute for sugar the state awarded Tate Lyle its property rights over sucralose leaving them the sole producer of the said products. Since the company is the sole producer in the market of sucralose, it turned out that the company already created monopoly in the market. Other market players can only start to produce sucralose only by 2020, which means, no other market entities will be able to supply the market with the said product other than Tate Lyle for the next 12 years. Using examples from the data, explain why firms take out patents. It was identified and stated on the given case that the production of artificial sweeteners in the market is very profitable to a point wherein almost 20 percent of the total profit of Tate Lyle comes from their production of sucralose. Tate Lyle is already on the process of putting more manufacturing plants to further increase their production capacity to supply the high demand of artificial sweeteners in the market which eventually to the acquisition of more profit out of their production. This high profitability in the monopoly of Tate Lyle of sucralose made other firms in the market to eagerly find ways to enable them to also produce artificial sweeteners in the market legally. Even if the patent becomes expired by 2020, the demand of artificial sweeteners will be high enough to accommodate the entry of other producers of artificial sweeteners in the market. In addition to this, since Tate Lyle charges high prices on their artificial sweeteners, industries that use artificial sweeteners as one of their inputs wanted to take out the patent rights of Tate Lyle to lower down the price of artificial sweeteners in the market as competition step into the market. Although artificial sweeteners are already cheaper as compared to conventional sugar in the market, industries would still want to further lower down its prices by infusing market competition through getting rid of Tate Lyle’s patent rights over the production of artificial sweeteners in the market. Discuss whether patents in the artificial sweeteners market lead to market efficiency or market failure. Read also  Homework Solutions – Chapter 3 Although not implied directly on the given case, but certainly, the existence of patent rights to Tate Lyle causes failure in the market. Price of artificial sweeteners would not be that high if there is competition existing in the market. Consumer welfare will surely improved if price level of artificial sweeteners in the market would go down. There will also be enough room for those companies that uses artificial sweeteners to minimize their production costs, thereby leading to cutting of the prices of their products. In this regard, it is clear that it is not only the consumers that will be benefited by the removal of patent rights to Tate Lyle but also other firms that use artificial sweeteners as a factor of production as substitute to the conventional sugar in the market. Yes, it is true that the discovery of artificial sweeteners provided benefits to the market as a replacement to sugar, but that benefits can still be further improved if its prices will be controlled by market competition and not by simply monopolizing agent who’s goal is to on how to increase their profit through utilizing the bundle of rights that was given by the government. But on the other side of the coin, of the government would remove property rights to those who will discover something new in the market, there is a big possibility that they will be de-motivated to have an initiative to conduct researches and make inventions since it will be easily copied by other firms in the market thereby defeating the initial purpose of conducting research – provide ways to improved the market position of the company. Well, this scenario is inevitable since the government would still have to protect the interest of the consumers as well as the inventors. As an alternative to solve this problem of improving the quality of welfare of both parties, the government could provide patent rights to a certain company but with a condition of setting floor price or price ceiling in order to protect the interest of the consumers as well as the company itself. Works Cited Freeadvice.com (2008). What is Patent [online]? Available: http://law.freeadvice.com/resources/gov_material/patent_trademark_office_patent_defined.htm [Accessed 1 March 2008].    How to cite Microeconomics Homework, Essay examples

The Human Evolution of Why We Need Disease free essay sample

Continues to work as a researcher while finishing medical training at New York’s Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Jonathon Price, senior adviser and speechwriter in the Clinton House and oversaw communications strategy at NATO during the war in Kosovo. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Dr. Sharon Moalem, Harper Collins Publishers, 10 East 53rd Street , New York, NY 10022. Abstract This paper explores the concepts on a Medical Maverick discovering why we need disease. About the mysteries and miracles, wondering why, and why not. The article, however, vary in the understanding of science and the history of science. The scientific points the Dr. Sharon Moalem, analyzing the evidence used to support the scientific points found in the Survival of the Sickest (2007) in creating feelings of closeness or intimacy. Other books, define the evolution of human differently, and therefore offering different results, and theories. Examining the strengths, and weakness of the significant terms of both a historical, and methodology content. We will write a custom essay sample on The Human Evolution of Why We Need Disease or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper examines Dr. Sharon Moalem with the help of Jonathon Price (2007) research in relation to the complexities of survival, in the human evolution. Survival of the Sickest: The Human Evolution A Review in Science In 2007, Dr. Sharon Moalem called attention to discover why we need disease in the human evolutional world. Dr. Sharon Moalem thought of the complexities of survival after his grandfather was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, when he was fifteen years old. 1) Watching somebody you love drift away is hard to accept. \ You start to want answers, and you want to know why. So he started researching the concept of the human evolutionary concepts, and what the human body takes to fight off disease ironing out plagues, cancerous cells, and the power of cholesterol, the gene pool, and methyl madness. Analyzing the evidence used to support these scientific points, also how reading this book contribute to your understanding of science and the history of science. While the traditional response to a medical epidemic is to hunt for a vaccine or a cure-all pill, these scientific points are more elusive. Understanding the limitations of the evolution for humans highlights the complexity of the human gene types and the understanding of the human body. Can we Rust to Death? Aran Gordon was a born competitor, he was training for the Marathon des Sables, he started to feel tired all the time, joints hurt, and his heart seem to skip a funny beat. After going to doctors, Gordon couldn’t account for his symptoms or they drew the wrong conclusion. Finally after three years, the doctors uncovered the real problem, Gordon was having an massive amount of iron in his blood and liver – off thee charts amount of iron. Aran Gordon was rusting to death. Hemochromatosis is a hereditary disease that disrupts the way the body metabolizes iron. Normally a persons body detects when it has a sufficient iron level in the blood, reducing the amount of iron absorbed by the intestines from the food that human digest. So even if you suffer yourself with iron supplements so wouldn’t load up with excess iron in your blood system. But for a human with Hemochromatosis, the body thinks, always, that the body doesn’t are enough iron and continues to absorb iron unabated. Over loading of iron can lead to damaging of the joints, the major organs, and overall body chemistry. However, unchecked Hemochromatosis can lead to liver failure, heart failure, diabetes, arthritis, infertility, psychiatric disorders, and even cancer, also leading to death. For more than 125 years after Armand Trousseau first described it in 1865, Hemochromatosis was thought to be extremely rare. (2). However, in 1996, the primary gene that causes the condition was isolated, discovering that the genes Hemochromatosis are common in people of Western European descents. (3). Genetics Parlance, the degree that a given gene manifests itself in an individual is called penetrance. (4) If a single gene meaning everyone that have attracted ear lopes, that genes has a high or complete penetrance. However, a gene that consists of a host of circumstances to manifest, also like the gene Hemochromatosis been considered to have low penetrance. Now here’s a question, why would a disease so deadly bred into our genetic code? Hemochromatosis isn’t an infectious disease caused by bad habits like smoking getting lung cancer, or smallpox caused by a viral invader. The plague known has the Black Death during 1347 to 1350 brought the most deadly outbreak of bubonic plagues to Western Europe? People with the hemochromatosis mutation were resistant to the infection, because of their iron starved macrophages. While people without the mutation, where more prong to the disease and its deadly side effects. If the first generation was help because of the hemochromatosis mutation, to survive the plague, multiplying its frequency across the population as a result, successive outbreaks compounded, further breeding the mutation into the Northern and Western European populations every time a plague resurfaces. The new understanding of hemochromatosis, infection, an iron has provoked a reevaluation of two long-established medical treatments one very one, and one recently new. Bloodletting is one of the oldest, complicated medical practices in history, mostly the Western medicine. This practice was derived from the thinking of the Greek physician Galen, who practiced the theory of the four humours – blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm. (6). All illness resulted from an imbalanced of four humours, and it was the doctor’s job to balance the floes through fast, purging, and bloodletting. An illustration from a 1506 book on medicine points to forty-three different places on the human body that should be used for bleeding, fourteen on the head alone. (7) For centuries, the place to go for bloodletting was the barber shop in the West. Modern medicine science has been skeptical of bloodletting for many reasons. After millennia of bloodletting, it fell into extreme disfavor at the beginning of the twentieth century. Iron is good. The thought of iron to be good and the more was the better. A doctor name John Murray was working with in wife in a Somali refugee camp, hen he noticed that the nomads were free of visible infection. (8). John Murray decided to treated one side of the population with iron first. Treating the nomads with iron supplements increase the disease chance for survival, understanding this, in understood that the nomads were withstanding the disease because of their anemia. It was basically iron locking in high gear. However, hemochromatosis and anemia aren’t the only heredity diseases that have gained pride of place in our gene pool by offering protection from another threat, and they’re not all related to iron. Cystic Fibrosis, that affects different parts of the body. New researchers suggest that, sure enough, carrying a copy of the gene that cause fibrosis seem to offer some protection from tuberculosis. Tuberculosis, which has also been called consumption because of the way it seems to consume the body from the inside out. (9) Aran Gordon manifested symptoms of hemochromatosis; put him through three years of progressive health problems, frustrating tests and inaccurate conclusion before finally learning what was wrong with him. Today he knows the effects of the most common genetic disorder in people of European descent. 10) Today Aran’s health has been restored through bloodletting, on of the oldest medical practices on earth. However, making today an understanding on much more about the complex interrelationship of our bodies, iron, infection, and conditions like hemochromatosis and anemia. (11) Cholesterol on the Rise Isn’t It Everybody knows that humanity’s relationship with the sun is multifaceted. As we learned in school, the entire global ecology of our plant depends on the sufficient of sunlight, beginning with the production of oxygen by plants through photosynthesis. As we have learned to much sun can be such a bad thing on a global level on any individual one, by causing drought and a deadly disease called skin cancer. Many humans don’t know that sun is just as important on an individual, biochemical level. Natural sunlight simultaneously helps the body develop vitamin D and destroy reserves of folic acid. Vitamin D is a critical component of human biochemistry, especially to ensure the growth of healthy bones in children and the maintenance of healthy bones in adults. Without enough vitamin D, dults are prone to osteoporosis and children are prone to a disease called rickets that result in improper bone growth and deformity. We don’t have to rely on fortified milk for vitamin D; most of vitamin D can be made by the body. We make Vitamin D by converting cholesterol, something sun has been getting a bad rap, 100 percent necessary to survival. Cholesterol is required to make and maintain cell membranes, helping the brain send messages, and the immune system to protect us against cancer and other disease. It’s a key building block in the production of estrogen and testosterone and other hormones, making it the essential component in our manufacture of Vitamin D. The skin is the largest organ in the human body, it’s an organ in every sense of the word, responsible for important functions related to the immune system, the nervous system, the circulatory system, and metabolism, protecting the body’s stores of folate, and the skin that a crucial step in manufacturing of vitamin d takes places. 27) When exposed to the right kind of sunlight, our skin converts our cholesterol into vitamin D, using the sunlight ultraviolet B, or UVB, which is essentially, making this the strongest when the sun is more or less directly overhead, for a few hours, everyday beginning around noon. Just as sunscreen block the ultraviolet ray, that gives suntan, is also blocks the ultraviolet rays you need for vitamin D. Australia recently embarked on an anti-skin cancer campaign it called â₠¬Å"Slip-Slop-Slap. (28a) The Campaign was especially effective at producing unintended results _ Australian sun exposure went down, and Australian vitamin D deficiencies went up. (28b) However, researchers discovered that tanning can actually help people who have vitamin D deficiencies. Crohn’s disease is a disorder that includes significant inflammation of the small intestine. (29). However, the inflammation impairs the absorption of nutrients; including vitamin D, making most people with Crohn’s disease has vitamin D deficiencies. As everybody knows the skin is the largest organ of the human body. It responsible for important functions related to the immune system, the nervous system, the circulatory system, and metabolism. Skin color is determined by the amount and type of melanin, a specialized pigment that absorbs light, produced by our bodies. Which means the darker your skin is, the less ultraviolet light it absorbs. The melanocytes of most African, for example, produce many times amount of melanin that the melanocytes of Northern Europeans produce – and most of it is eumelanin, the brown or black version. (30) Melanin also determines hair and eye color, the more melanin, the darker the hair and eyes. The milk white skin of an albino is caused by an enzyme deficiency that results in the production of little or no melanin. (31) As everybody knows, skin color changes, to some extent, in response to sun exposure, making the trigger for that response is the pituitary gland. More than 60,000 Americans are diagnosed with melanoma – especially aggressive type of skin cancer – every year, making Europeans Americans are ten to forty times as likely to get melanoma as African Americans. (32) In 2000, an anthropologist name Nina G. Jablonski and a geographic computer specialist named George Chaplin combine their scientific disciplines to chart the connection between skin cool and sunlight. (33a) They produced an equation to express the relationship between a given population’s skin color and its exposure to ultraviolet rays. (33b). Amusingly, their research also proposes that we carry sufficient genes within our gene pool to ensure that, within 1,000 years of a population migration from one climate to another, its descendants would have the skin color dark enough to protect folate or light enough to maximize vitamin D production. If you are wondering how people with dark skin still make enough vitamin D despite the fact that their skin blocks all those ultraviolet rays, you are on the right path. When ultraviolet rays penetrate the skin it destroys folate, letting the rays the penetrate the skin create vitamin D. So thus cause a new problem for dark skin people, even when they live in sunny climates, getting a good amount of sun. The skin color that protects the folate in the body would prevent them for stocking up on vitamin D. There’s a little guy called apolipoprotein (ApoE4), a gene pool off dark-skinned population groups.

Erik Satie Essays

Erik Satie Essays Erik Satie Essay Erik Satie Essay Before I became a leading figure of the French avant-garde, though, I was a simple boy that studied the beautiful piano. After I was born on May 17th, 1866, my family constantly moved around from Honfleur, a city located in Lower Normandy, to Paris, where I was primarily raised. At this time, the Wagnerian music model had already reached its zenith in Europe, but this meant nothing to me. After my mother unfortunately died when I was at the young age of six, I went to live with my grandparents back in my hometown. There, I began my first music lessons from Vinot, a local organist. Vinot was quite a kind fellow, and he introduced me to Gregorian plainsongs, which are monophonic religious chants from the Middle Ages. From dear Vinot’s teachings, I became very interested in medieval music, and I even incorporated some of these concepts to my later compositions. However, that was quite far away, for I was first forced to enter the Paris Conservatoire. In 1878, my father had remarried to Eugenie Barnetsche, a â€Å"musically gifted individual. † Of course, she was just another conservative musician that conformed to Wagnerism and other such musical forms. Because of her, my father sent me to the rigorous and old-fashioned Paris Conservatoire in 1879. I studied under the Mathias, Descombes, and Lavignac while I was there, but they weren’t exactly encouraging instructors. In fact, they were the ones who claimed that I was the â€Å"laziest student in the Conservatoire. † I even composed two songs there; one was called Valse-Ballet while the other was titled Fantaisie-Valse. However, all of those conservative professors called these compositions insignificant, laborious, and worthless. As a result, I was eventually expelled from the Paris Conservatoire in 1882, so I didn’t really receive a complete education. I didn’t mind, though, for that school was not to my liking anyway. After an unsuccessful entry into the French infantry- I had fallen ill with bronchitis- in 1886, I started my career of composition. In fact, just two years after I was discharged, I composed some of my most famous pieces, the Trois Gymnopedies. These pieces are a clear example of Vinot’s influence on my life, for the harmonies have a bit of Medieval music mixed in them. Around the same time, I composed Ogives (1886), Trois Sarabandes (1887), and Six Gnossiennes (1893), all of which began my career as a composer. My first three pieces leaned towards a more conservative style, although they did vary to some extent. For example, Ogives was based more upon gothic art, while Trois Sarabandes incorporated a solemn dance character. However, with Six Gnossiennes, I ultimately eliminated bar lines and time signatures from my work- until 1917, that is. In addition, I began to scribble in specific directions for the performer in my scores. For example, I liked to write things like â€Å"wonder about yourself† or â€Å"open your mind† to make whoever was performing to give the music some attitude! I mean, what is music without character and expression? During all of that time, I lived in a small apartment in Montmartre, mostly because I was so poor. But what do you expect from a musician like me? Other than composing various pieces, I also worked as a cafe pianist to get a regular income at Auberge du Clou, which is where I met Claude Debussy. He’s definitely a fine fellow, except for the fact that he claims that he is the father of modern music. Of course, we still became good friends, and we advised each other later on in our careers. In the following years, I began to come involved in religion. After meeting Josephin Peladan, the leader of the Rosicrucian (Rose et Croix) Order, I became the unofficial composer for the society, using my knowledge of medieval music and Gothic art to create a variety of religious pieces in the 1890s, such as Prelude pour la porte heroique du ciel and Messe des Pauvres. However, the Rosicrucians weren’t exactly the most interesting people. Thus, I created my own church and composed my own music, shunning the society around me and inspiring individuality. (I wonder why no one else joined it! That’s one thing I never comprehended. ) Although I became quite a familiar figure in the streets of Montmartre- especially because of my supposedly eccentric habits- I later moved to Arcueil, which is located in the Ile-de-France region of France, and became a cabaret pianist. From then on, I produced a few cafe songs and music hall pieces like Je te veux and Le Piccadilly. However, this period of my life was quite short-lived, for I then went on to complete my musical education. I simply could not deal with the constant criticism I was receiving, and I needed money to survive too! As a result, I enrolled in the Schola Cantorum de Paris at the age of 40. Even though I was surrounded by lads half my age, I still graduated with distinction. In contrast to what my teachers said at the Paris Conservatoire, the words â€Å"tres bien† were written on my diploma. After graduating from the conservative academy, I think my music became a little more rigorous and academic. However, being the eccentric man I was, I disliked conforming to regular behavior. As a result, from 1909 to 1914, all of my pieces were named beautifully and a lot differently from other mundane titles. For example, in 1912 I composed the piece Trois morceaux en forme de Poire (which literally means Three Pear-Shaped Pieces), and in 1913 I composed Embryons Desseches, which translates into Dried-Up Embryos. I also continued to write various instructions to the performer in my scores. Phrases like â€Å"to be jealous of one’s playmate who has a big head† and â€Å"the war song of the King of Beans† appeared throughout my music during that time, and I definitely take great pride in them. How else can one create successful and expressive music? Soon after, World War I was right around the corner, and my glorious days began to overwhelm me! Prior to WWI, various of my pieces began to be performed at various concerts. For example, French composer Maurice Ravel performed my Trois Sarabandes at the Societe Musicale Independante’s concert in 1911. Many of my works were finally published in the 1910’s as well, giving me a modest income. Then, with Jean Cocteau and Pablo Picasso, I composed Parade, a ballet that had a realistic setting and described anti-war sentiments. This was a huge breakthrough in my career, particularly because I was arrested afterwards after I sent an â€Å"impudent† postcard to one critic. I thought that it was simply outrageous, but I only had to endure the horrible conditions for eight days. After I was released, a new generation of composers and musicians began to gather around me! In fact, the Les Six proclaimed that I was their patron saint. After the composition of Parade, I didn’t really devote as much time to music as I did before. Recognition was surrounding me and cornering me from all sides, so what could I do? I composed a few Nocturnes as well as Socrate, one of my more celebrated pieces at the time. Finally, my career came to a close. Looking back at everything that has happened after I was expelled from the Paris Conservatoire, I think that my greatest accomplishment was undoubtedly the composition of Six Gnossiennes. Even though this piece was composed just years after I left the Paris Conservatoire, it set my career as an avant-garde into motion. Of course, Parade was the piece that gained me some recognition, and Trois Gymnopedies are my most famous pieces. However, Six Gnossiennes is the first successful piece of music. It doesn’t abide by anything that Wagnerism instructs, and it is so unique! In addition, that fellow Debussy can’t claim that he was the father of modern music with this piece, for I was able to sway him away from conforming to traditional using this piece as an example! Although I faced poverty all the way until World War I and other challenges (like getting arrested), my career as a phonometrician was sprinkled with successes from 1886 to 1920. Throughout this time period, I successfully challenged Romanticism and Wagnerism, bringing forth a new convention for music that still applies in the 21th century, even after my physical disappearance from this world. Looking at the world today, I have definitely served as an inspiration to many kinds of music. Bits and pieces of my brilliance seem to be everywhere! For example, my furniture music is still evident everywhere today! From the moment I spiritually wander into a store or a deli, I unconsciously hear some obscure background music. Being a forerunner to minimalism, I had experimented with this music, which is not supposed to be heard consciously, in my lifetime and it still survives to this day. Minimalism isn’t the only type of music I inspired, though. French Impressionism was a result of my teachings to Claude Debussy. After I forced Debussy into swaying away from conformity, I supported him as he continued down his route of impressionism- that is, until his music became conventional and mainstream. How can I support him when his music becomes like Wagnerism at the time of my birth? American Jazz and ragtime are also results of my eccentric music, for various elements of these types of music are in some of my compositions! My compositions also gave birth to some important musical trends, such as bitonality, polytonality, and non-triadic harmony. Brennan, Carol. Erik Satie Biography. 2010. 5 November 2010 . Classical Archives LLC. Composer: Erik Satie. 2008. 5 November 2010 . Furstner, Michael. Erik Satie. 2008. 5 November 2010 . Goldsmith, Kenneth. Flabby Preludes for a Dog: An Erik Satie Primer. 1997. 5 November 2010 . Minnesota Public Radio. Springtime in Paris: Erik Satie. 2005. 5 November 2010 . Solomon, Larry J. Satie, The First Modern. 2003. 5 November 2010 .

Sutherlands Differential Association Theory Explained

Sutherland's Differential Association Theory Explained Differential association theory proposes that people learn values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior through their interactions with others. It is a learning theory of deviance that was initially proposed by sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 and revised in 1947. The theory has continued to be enormously important to the field of criminology ever since. Key Takeaways: Sutherland's Differential Association Theory Sociologist Edwin Sutherland first proposed differential association theory in 1939 as a learning theory of deviance.Differential association theory proposes that the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior are learned through one’s interactions with others.Differential association theory remains important to the field of criminology, although critics have objected to its failure to take personality traits into account. Origins Before Sutherland introduced his theory of differential association, the explanations for criminal behavior were varied and inconsistent. Seeing this as a weakness, law professor Jerome Michael and philosopher Mortimer J. Adler published a critique of the field that argued that criminology hadn’t produced any scientifically-backed theories for criminal activity. Sutherland saw this as a call to arms and used rigorous scientific methods to develop differential association theory. Sutherland’s thinking was influenced by the Chicago School of sociologists. In particular, he took cues from three sources: the work of Shaw and McKay, which investigated the way delinquency in Chicago was distributed geographically; the work of Sellin, Wirth, and Sutherland himself, which found that crime in modern societies was the result of conflicts between different cultures; and Sutherlands own work on professional thieves, which found that in order to become a professional thief, one must become a member of a group of professional thieves and learn through them. Sutherland initially outlined his theory in 1939 in the third edition of his book Principles of Criminology. He then revised the theory for the fourth edition of the book in 1947. Since then, differential association theory has remained popular in the field of criminology and has sparked a great deal of research. One of the reasons for the theory’s continued pertinence is its broad ability to explain all kinds of criminal activity, from juvenile delinquency to white collar crime. Nine Propositions of Differential Association Theory Sutherland’s theory doesn’t account for why an individual becomes a criminal but how it happens. He summarized the principles of differential association theory with nine propositions: All criminal behavior is learned.Criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others via a process of communication.Most learning about criminal behavior happens in intimate personal groups and relationships.The process of learning criminal behavior may include learning about techniques to carry out the behavior as well as the motives and rationalizations that would justify criminal activity and the attitudes necessary to orient an individual towards such activity.The direction of motives and drives towards criminal behavior is learned through the interpretation of legal codes in one’s geographical area as favorable or unfavorable.When the number of favorable interpretations that support violating the law outweigh the unfavorable interpretations that don’t, an individual will choose to become a criminal.All differential associations aren’t equal. They can vary in frequency, intensity, priority, and duration.The process of learning criminal behaviors thr ough interactions with others relies on the same mechanisms that are used in learning about any other behavior. Criminal behavior could be an expression of generalized needs and values, but they don’t explain the behavior because non-criminal behavior expresses the same needs and values. Differential association takes a social psychological approach to explain how an individual becomes a criminal. The theory posits that an individual will engage in criminal behavior when the definitions that favor violating the law exceed those that don’t. Definitions in favor of violating the law could be specific. For example, â€Å"This store is insured. If I steal these items, it’s a victimless crime.† Definitions can also be more general, as in â€Å"This is public land, so I have the right to do whatever I want on it.† These definitions motivate and justify criminal activity. Meanwhile, definitions unfavorable to violating the law push back against these notions. Such definitions can include, â€Å"Stealing is immoral† or â€Å"Violating the law is always wrong.† The individual is also likely to put different weight on the definitions they are presented in their environment. These differences depend on the frequency with which a given definition is encountered, how early in life a definition was first presented, and how much one values the relationship with the individual presenting the definition. While the individual is most likely to be influenced by definitions provided by friends and family members, learning can also occur at school or through the media. For example, the media often romanticize criminals. If an individual favors stories of mafia kingpins, such as the TV show The Sopranos and The Godfather films, the exposure to this media may impact the individual’s learning because it includes some messages that favor breaking the law. If an individual focuses on those messages, they could contribute to an individual’s choice to engage in criminal behavior. In addition, even if an individual has the inclination to commit a crime, they must have the skills necessary to do so. These skills could be complex and more challenging to learn, like those involved in computer hacking, or more easily accessible, like stealing goods from stores. Critiques Differential association theory was a game-changer in the field of criminology. However, the theory has been criticized for failing to take individual differences into account. Personality traits may interact with one’s environment to create outcomes that differential association theory cannot explain. For example, people can change their environment to ensure it better suits their perspectives. They may also be surrounded by influences that don’t espouse the value of criminal activity and choose to rebel by becoming a criminal anyway. People are independent, individually motivated beings. As a result, they may not learn to become criminals in the ways differential association predicts. Sources Cressey, Donald R. â€Å"The Theory of Differential Association: An Introduction.† Social Problems, vol. 8, no. 1, 1960, pp. 2-6. https://doi.org/10.2307/798624â€Å"Differential Association Theory.† LibreTexts: Social Science, 23 May, 2019. https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/Book%3A_Sociology_(Boundless)/7%3A_Deviance%2C_Social_Control%2C_and_Crime/7.6%3A_The_Symbolic-Interactionalist_Perspective_on_Deviance/7.6A%3A_Differential_Association_Theoryâ€Å"Edwin Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory Explained.† Health Research Funding. https://healthresearchfunding.org/edwin-sutherlands-differential-association-theory-explained/Matsueda, Ross L. â€Å"Sutherland, Edwin H.: Differential Association Theory and Differential Social Organization.† Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory, edited by Francis T. Cullen and Pamela Wilcox. Sage Publications, 2010, pp. 899-907. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412959193.n250Matsueda, Ross L. â€Å"The Current State of Differential Association Theory.† Crime Delinquency, vol. 34, no, 3, 1988, pp. 277-306. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128788034003005 Ward, Jeffrey T. and Chelsea N. Brown. â€Å"Social Learning Theory and Crime.† International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed., edited by James D. Wright. Elsevier, 2015, pp. 409-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.45066-X

Enlightenment History Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Enlightenment History - Term Paper Example It is a natural contradiction, but a legitimate one. â€Å"Man is born free, but he is everywhere in chains.† (e.g., Rousseau, â€Å"Social Contract,† Book I, Part 1) Another idea of the enlightenment was that people should be able to live without fear, free of superstition and blind obedience to the powers and authorities-that-be and that truth is to be found in scientific fact, not in opinion or faith. â€Å"We wish in a word to fulfill the requirements of nature, to accomplish the destiny of mankind, to make good the promises of philosophy... that France, hitherto illustrious among slave states, may eclipse the glory of all free peoples that have existed, become the model of all nations.... That is our ambition; that is our aim. What kind of government can realize these marvels? Only a democratic government.... But to found and to consolidate among us this democracy, to realize the peaceable rule of constitutional laws, it is necessary to conclude the war of liberty against tyranny and to pass successfully through the storms of revolution.† (e.g., Robespierre, â€Å"Speech,† †¦). Enlightenment revolutionaries also believed that differences are nothing compared to similarities, or in the idea â€Å"such as is common† to all humanity. ... The period of Enlightenment also brought us the idea that society is structured by a general philosophy that â€Å"we are what we buy,† or buy into. We must produce and distribute in order to be viable, and many of us today do define ourselves by our jobs. As to religion, Voltaire stated (paraphrased) â€Å"If God did not exist, we'd invent him.† â€Å"It is very true that we do not know any too well what the soul is: no one has ever seen it. All that we do know is that the eternal Lord of nature has given us the power of thinking, and of distinguishing virtue. It is not proved that this faculty survives our death: but the contrary is not proved either. It is possible, doubtless, that God has given thought to a particle to which, after we are no more, He will still give the power of thought: there is no inconsistency in this idea.† (e.g., Voltaire, â€Å"Universal Toleration,† †¦.) Finally, the Age of Enlightenment philosophers taught us that people a re best left self-governed. In the best interests of human rights, the aristocracy (the rich and powerful) cannot be allowed to be the only ruling schema and from this we derived our principle beliefs about democracy. Today, the French Republic is governed by the people and has an elected president and national representatives called a parliament. France was under absolute monarchy (aristocracy) until 1789, then it went to a republic government, back to a monarchy, and finally, by 1850, was a Republic again. Did the revolutionaries transform France into an enlightened nation? Yes. Did the revolutionaries transform the nation of France into an enlightened state of mind? Questionable, at best. The nation still declares itself majorly

Johann Sebastian Bach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Johann Sebastian Bach - Essay Example He developed his organs skills after graduating from the in school in 1702 and getting employed as an organist at a church in Arnstad in the year 1703. Johann made a visit to listen to organ music in a church in Lubeck and here he was deeply influenced by the organ music which prompted him to start composing preludes to hymns. Hence most of his compositions after his trip were religious. During the years 1708-1710, Bach received a lot of acclaim for his organ compositions not only from the general public but also from the royalty. I believe that Bach’s music is very soothing and relaxing and has a certain touch of spirituality in it. I really like the music because it has a great feel and touches the heart of the listeners. Even his non religious music is very unique and never fails to provide entertainment. During the final years of his life, he became blind while his health continuously deteriorated. The great composer passed away on 28th July 1750, but his music is still al ive and continues to enchant its listeners. Works Cited Wolff, Christoph. Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician. New york: W. W. Norton & Company, 2001. Print.